L-1 Introduction

Question 1

Define disease

Answer 1

a disease is an illness that affects the body in a single area or the whole system and/or mind within a single organism

Question 2

how many major causes are there ?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

Define biochemistry

Answer 3

it’s the chemistry of life. it’s the study of the structures and interactions of biological molecules

Question 4

Define molecular biology

Answer 4

studies how the living cell carries out the necessary functions of life

Question 5

Define genetics

Answer 5

studies heredity and variation of inherited characteristics

Question 6

Define Pharmacology

Answer 6

the study of the body’s reaction to drugs

Question 7

Define neuroscience

Answer 7

studies the structure and function of the nervous system and brain

Question 8

Define microbiology

Answer 8

studies micro-organisms and their effects on other living organisms

Question 9

what are the two nucleic acid ?

Answer 9

DNA and RNA

Question 10

Function of DNA

Answer 10

contains the master plan for building the human body

Question 11

Function of RNA

Answer 11

enables the human body to follow those plans

Question 12

what are the 4 classes of biological molecule

Answer 12

carbohydrates
lipids
protein
nucleic acid

Question 13

Define polymer

Answer 13

long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers

Question 14

what are the three of the four classes of life’s organic molecules which are polymers

Answer 14

carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acid

Question 15

what metabolic process changes macromolecule to monomers

Answer 15

catabolic

Question 16

what metabolic process changes monomers to macromolecule

Answer 16

anabolic

Question 17

anabolic to catabolic
monosaccaride
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides

Answer 17

carbohydrates
lipids
protein
nucleic acid

Question 18

why are proteins important ?

Answer 18

the protein expresses in a particular cell define the characteristics of that cell

Question 19

what’s the pathway from DNA to Protein

Answer 19

DNA (transcription) -> RNA (translation) -> protein

Question 20

what does a cell do when it needs a certain protein?

Answer 20

a special machinery within the cells nucleus reads the gene and makes an intermediate=RNA that travels from the nucleus to ribosome which reads this message and produces a protein

Question 21

what are polypeptides ?

Answer 21

they are unbranched polymers built from set of 20 amino acids

Question 22

what’s protein and their functions

Answer 22

biologically functional molecule that consist of one or more polypeptides
functions
1. structural support
2. storage
3. support
4. cellular communication
5. movement
6. defence against foreign substances

Question 23

what determines a protein’s
three-dimensional structure

Answer 23

sequence of amino acid

Question 24

what are the 4 level of protein structure

Answer 24

1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. quaternary