L-1 Introduction Flashcards
Define disease
a disease is an illness that affects the body in a single area or the whole system and/or mind within a single organism
how many major causes are there ?
8
Define biochemistry
it’s the chemistry of life. it’s the study of the structures and interactions of biological molecules
Define molecular biology
studies how the living cell carries out the necessary functions of life
Define genetics
studies heredity and variation of inherited characteristics
Define Pharmacology
the study of the body’s reaction to drugs
Define neuroscience
studies the structure and function of the nervous system and brain
Define microbiology
studies micro-organisms and their effects on other living organisms
what are the two nucleic acid ?
DNA and RNA
Function of DNA
contains the master plan for building the human body
Function of RNA
enables the human body to follow those plans
what are the 4 classes of biological molecule
carbohydrates
lipids
protein
nucleic acid
Define polymer
long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers
what are the three of the four classes of life’s organic molecules which are polymers
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acid
what metabolic process changes macromolecule to monomers
catabolic
what metabolic process changes monomers to macromolecule
anabolic
anabolic to catabolic
monosaccaride
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
carbohydrates
lipids
protein
nucleic acid
why are proteins important ?
the protein expresses in a particular cell define the characteristics of that cell
what’s the pathway from DNA to Protein
DNA (transcription) -> RNA (translation) -> protein
what does a cell do when it needs a certain protein?
a special machinery within the cells nucleus reads the gene and makes an intermediate=RNA that travels from the nucleus to ribosome which reads this message and produces a protein
what are polypeptides ?
they are unbranched polymers built from set of 20 amino acids
what’s protein and their functions
biologically functional molecule that consist of one or more polypeptides
functions
1. structural support
2. storage
3. support
4. cellular communication
5. movement
6. defence against foreign substances
what determines a protein’s
three-dimensional structure
sequence of amino acid
what are the 4 level of protein structure
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
