L-4 Disease treatment pharmacology

Question 1

what’s a drug?

Answer 1

Any (chemical) substance that causes an effect in the bod

Question 2

what’s a toxin?

Answer 2

Any substance that causes an unwanted effect in the bod

Question 3

All drugs can be toxins! Depends on

Answer 3

-Increase dose (amount), increase response (effect)
– Dose-response relationship

Question 4

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 4

Study of the movement of drugs within the body

Question 5

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 5

Study of the pharmacological response to a drug

Question 6

4 components of pharmacokinetics

Answer 6

1. absorption
2. metabolism
3. distribution
4. excretion

Question 7

Diffusion or passive transport

Answer 7

-molecules move from higher to lower concentration
-usulaly small, non-ionised, or lipid-soluble molecules

Question 8

active transport

Answer 8

-Chemicals move against concentration or
electrochemical gradient
-usually large, ionised, or water-soluble molecules

Question 9

what’s co-transport

Answer 9

involves the movement of two or more chemicals across the membrane

Question 10

factors affecting drug absorption

Answer 10

1. size of drug molecule
2. lipid solubility
3. degree of ionisation
4. interactions with food or other medication

Question 11

another name for metabolism
what is it?
what does it involve?
its primary site?

Answer 11

biotransformation
changes drug so it can be excreted
involves biochemical reaction
liver is the primary site

Question 12

what is the Hepatic microsomal enzyme system
another name?

Answer 12

-liver enzymes that inactivate drugs and accelerate
their excretion
-some agents have no activity unless first metabolised
-sometimes called P450 system

Question 13

drug distribution depends on?

Answer 13

-drug protein complex and special barriers (placenta & brain)
-blood flow

Question 14

how plasma proteins affect drug distribution

Answer 14

-only free, unbound drug can act
-if drug is bound it cannot exert an effect
-drug protein complex never reach target cells and cannot cross capillary membranes

Question 15

Thalidomide

Answer 15

-reduce nausea and morning sickness during pregnancy
-caused severe foetal damage
-

Question 16

where can drugs be excreted

Answer 16

-kidneys
-also excreted into bile
-also excreted respiratory
-also excreted by glandular secretions (sweat, milk)

Question 17

whats plasma half-life

Answer 17

-the length of time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by half after administration

Question 18

whats minimum effective concentration

Answer 18

amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect

Question 19

whats the therapeutic range

Answer 19

the dosage range or serum concentration that achieves the desired drug effects

Question 20

what is the toxic concentration

Answer 20

level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects

Question 21

whats loading dose

Answer 21

large dose given at the beginning of treatment to quickly obtain therapeutic range (plateau reached faster)