L-4 Disease treatment pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s a drug?

A

Any (chemical) substance that causes an effect in the bod

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2
Q

what’s a toxin?

A

Any substance that causes an unwanted effect in the bod

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3
Q

All drugs can be toxins! Depends on

A

-Increase dose (amount), increase response (effect)
– Dose-response relationship

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4
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of the movement of drugs within the body

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5
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of the pharmacological response to a drug

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6
Q

4 components of pharmacokinetics

A
  1. absorption
  2. metabolism
  3. distribution
  4. excretion
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7
Q

Diffusion or passive transport

A

-molecules move from higher to lower concentration
-usulaly small, non-ionised, or lipid-soluble molecules

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8
Q

active transport

A

-Chemicals move against concentration or
electrochemical gradient
-usually large, ionised, or water-soluble molecules

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9
Q

what’s co-transport

A

involves the movement of two or more chemicals across the membrane

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10
Q

factors affecting drug absorption

A
  1. size of drug molecule
  2. lipid solubility
  3. degree of ionisation
  4. interactions with food or other medication
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11
Q

another name for metabolism
what is it?
what does it involve?
its primary site?

A

biotransformation
changes drug so it can be excreted
involves biochemical reaction
liver is the primary site

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12
Q

what is the Hepatic microsomal enzyme system
another name?

A

-liver enzymes that inactivate drugs and accelerate
their excretion
-some agents have no activity unless first metabolised
-sometimes called P450 system

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13
Q

drug distribution depends on?

A

-drug protein complex and special barriers (placenta & brain)
-blood flow

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14
Q

how plasma proteins affect drug distribution

A

-only free, unbound drug can act
-if drug is bound it cannot exert an effect
-drug protein complex never reach target cells and cannot cross capillary membranes

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15
Q

Thalidomide

A

-reduce nausea and morning sickness during pregnancy
-caused severe foetal damage
-

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16
Q

where can drugs be excreted

A

-kidneys
-also excreted into bile
-also excreted respiratory
-also excreted by glandular secretions (sweat, milk)

17
Q

whats plasma half-life

A

-the length of time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by half after administration

18
Q

whats minimum effective concentration

A

amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect

19
Q

whats the therapeutic range

A

the dosage range or serum concentration that achieves the desired drug effects

20
Q

what is the toxic concentration

A

level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects

21
Q

whats loading dose

A

large dose given at the beginning of treatment to quickly obtain therapeutic range (plateau reached faster)