L-2 Basics of disease Flashcards
disease results from alterations in….
- structure or amount
- biochemical reactions and processes
monosaccharide
glucose
fructose
galactose
disaccharides
sucrose (glucose & fructose)
lactose (glucose & galactose)
polysaccharides
muscle glycogen
starch
cellulose
lactose intolerence
what enzyme breaks lactose
what happens to unabsorbed lactose
- lactose must be digested into monosaccharides before it can absorbed in intestine
- lactase enzyme breaks lactose
- unabsorbed lactose causes gas, cramping and diarrhoea
Galactosaemia
Its an inherited disorder
Its the inability to metabolise galactose which causes accumulation galactose-1-phosphate in blood
If infant with galactosaemia gets milk they get
- liver damage
- cognitive development delay
- kidney failure
physical agents cause major disease
- change in temperature/climate
- radiation
chemical agents & drugs cause disease
- Toxic compounds
- certain drugs
Biologic agents causes disease
-viruses
-bacteria, fungi, higher parasites, prions
Lack of oxygen cause disease
-loss of blood
-ischemic heart disease
genetic causes disease
-germline mutation (inherited mutation)
-somatic mutation (not inherited)
immunologic reaction cause disease
-autoimmune (failure of self recognition by body)
-analaphylaxis (extreme allergy)
nutritional imbalance cause disease
-nutrient deficiencies
-nutrient excesses
endocrine imbalance cause disease
-hormone deficiencies
-hormone excesses
what’s antigenic variation
Pathogens are able to change expression and prevent recognition.
Human viruses can exchange genes with the viruses of domestic animals
what’s antigenic variation
Pathogens are able to change expression and prevent recognition.
Human viruses can exchange genes with the viruses of domestic animals
another name for viruses
virions
Influenza
what is it caused by ?
how is it spread?
caused by RNA viruses
RNA viruses evolve rapidly so new strains replace old ones.
spread by coughing and sneezing
info on viruses
-consists of genetic material
-made from RNA or DNA
- surrounded by protein coat that protects the genetic information
