L-2 Basics of disease

Question 1

disease results from alterations in….

Answer 1

1. structure or amount
2. biochemical reactions and processes

Question 2

monosaccharide

Answer 2

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 3

disaccharides

Answer 3

sucrose (glucose & fructose)
lactose (glucose & galactose)

Question 4

polysaccharides

Answer 4

muscle glycogen
starch
cellulose

Question 5

lactose intolerence
what enzyme breaks lactose
what happens to unabsorbed lactose

Answer 5

1. lactose must be digested into monosaccharides before it can absorbed in intestine
2. lactase enzyme breaks lactose
3. unabsorbed lactose causes gas, cramping and diarrhoea

Question 6

Galactosaemia

Answer 6

Its an inherited disorder
Its the inability to metabolise galactose which causes accumulation galactose-1-phosphate in blood
If infant with galactosaemia gets milk they get
- liver damage
- cognitive development delay
- kidney failure

Question 7

physical agents cause major disease

Answer 7

• change in temperature/climate
• radiation

Question 8

chemical agents & drugs cause disease

Answer 8

• Toxic compounds
• certain drugs

Question 9

Biologic agents causes disease

Answer 9

-viruses
-bacteria, fungi, higher parasites, prions

Question 10

Lack of oxygen cause disease

Answer 10

-loss of blood
-ischemic heart disease

Question 11

genetic causes disease

Answer 11

-germline mutation (inherited mutation)
-somatic mutation (not inherited)

Question 12

immunologic reaction cause disease

Answer 12

-autoimmune (failure of self recognition by body)
-analaphylaxis (extreme allergy)

Question 13

nutritional imbalance cause disease

Answer 13

-nutrient deficiencies
-nutrient excesses

Question 14

endocrine imbalance cause disease

Answer 14

-hormone deficiencies
-hormone excesses

Question 15

what’s antigenic variation

Answer 15

Pathogens are able to change expression and prevent recognition.
Human viruses can exchange genes with the viruses of domestic animals

Question 15

what’s antigenic variation

Answer 15

Pathogens are able to change expression and prevent recognition.
Human viruses can exchange genes with the viruses of domestic animals

Question 16

another name for viruses

Answer 16

virions

Question 17

Influenza
what is it caused by ?
how is it spread?

Answer 17

caused by RNA viruses
RNA viruses evolve rapidly so new strains replace old ones.
spread by coughing and sneezing

Question 18

info on viruses

Answer 18

-consists of genetic material
-made from RNA or DNA
- surrounded by protein coat that protects the genetic information