L-8 Cardiovascular Disease III Flashcards
whats hydrogenation
whats full/partial hydrogenation
- a process that can turn liquid oil into solid fats
- full hydrogenation = waxy
- partial hydrogenation = trans double bonds fat my be formed
isomerism cis and trans
cis = on the same side
trans = on opposite sides
example for
1. cis unsaturated fatty acid
2. trans unsaturated fatty acid
- oleic acid
- elaidic acid
why is partially hydrogenated veg oil used in food?
- increase shelf life / taste / flavour
- cheap
- people liked them and companies
oil rancidity
what is it responsible for
free radicals attack c double bond with c leading to composition
Responsible for
- producing unpleasant and noxious odours and flavours
-destroy nutrients and vit in food
how is oil stored
cool dark places with little exposure to oxygen or free radicals
Trans-fats should come with a
health warning why?
no nut benefits
artificial
more dangerous than saturated fat
they increase bad LDL-C
they decrease good HDL-C
cholesterol
what type is it ?
made by what organ ?
its a type of steroid, its vital in animal cell membrane
made by the liver
how are lipids transported
transported in the blood in a lipoprotein (like a capsule) and the size determines its density
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
delivers
cholesterol to cells for membrane production (bad)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
scavenges (looks for)
cholesterol for return to the liver. (good)
whats atherosclerosis
build up of plaque in artery and cause it to block caused by High LDL-C
can be decreased by
- exercise
- not smoking
- normal sugar and blood pressure
- avoid high saturated food
what are stanol esters
known to reduce LDL-C
smoking
-carbon monoxide
-platelets
-HDL
Carbon monoxide causes endothelial dysfunction.
Smoking can also make your platelets more active.
Smoking decreases HDL (good) cholesterol.
silent heart attack
nerve damage leads to numbness and diabetic does not sense touch, heat, cold, pain
