L-7 The biochem of cardiovascular II

Question 1

are lipids polar ?

Answer 1

lipids are non polar and water hating
think of oil and water don’t mix

Question 2

4 types of lipids

Answer 2

1. simple lipids
2. complex lipids
3. steroids-fused ring compounds
   4.other

Question 3

simple lipids examples

Answer 3

(triglycerides)
-fats
-oils

waxes

Question 4

complex lipids examples

Answer 4

phospholipids

Question 5

steroids-fused ring compounds examples

Answer 5

cholesterol
oestrogen
testosterone

Question 6

other lipid examples

Answer 6

fat soluble like vitamins (A, D, E, and K)

Question 7

What are the most biologically important lipids and fats and why?

Answer 7

phospholipids and steroids
- they serve as structural components of biological membranes
- they provide energy in the form of triacyglycerols

Question 8

what does triacyglycerols consist of

Answer 8

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 9

simple lipids
-triglycerides consist of ?

Answer 9

fats and oils
-fats are solid triglycerides
-oils are liquid triglycerides

and waxes is a simple lipid not a part of the triglyceride

Question 10

what are fatty acids

Answer 10

• they have a polar end, carboxylic acid group that’s hydrophilic
  -they have a non polar, hydrocarbon chain that’s hydrophobic
  -they can be monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, or saturated

Question 11

saturated fatty acids

Answer 11

they contain non carbon double bonds

Question 12

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 12

contains a double bond
-monounsaturated = one double bond
-polyunsaturated = multiple double bonds present

Question 13

whats the effect of on the melting point for having many double bonds

Answer 13

lower the melting point

Question 14

saturated fatty acids in food

Answer 14

-soild at RT
-animal fats are saturated

Question 15

unsaturated fatty acids in food

Answer 15

-liquid at RT
-plant fats and fish are unsaturated

Question 16

butter

Answer 16

contains mainly saturated fatty acids and
cholesterol

Question 17

margarine

Answer 17

made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil to
make it more solid at RT

Question 18

olive oil

Answer 18

-made from unsaturated fatty acids

consists of
-Oleic acid is monounsaturated
-Linoleic is polyunsaturated
-Linolenic, which is polyunsaturated

Question 19

essential fatty acids are needed why?

Answer 19

-important for cell membrane e.g. brain neurons
-needed for energy metabolism
-they are building blocks for hormones
-control immune func, blood clotting and cell growth

Question 20

where is omega 6 and omega 3 found in diet

Answer 20

omega 6 = veg oil
omega 3 = green plant leaves , walnuts and soy

Question 21

whats EPA AND DHA stand for

Answer 21

• Eicosapentaenoic acid (longer-
  chain omega-3 fatty acid)
• Docosahexaenoic acid (longer-
  chain omega-3 fatty acid)

Question 22

most omega 6 and 3 are found in the form of ?

Answer 22

cholesterol
phospholipids
triacylglycerols

Question 23

omega 3 is ?
and omega 6 is ?

Answer 23

omega 3 = anti-inflammatory
omega 6 = inflammatory

Question 24

increase levels of omega 3 prevent

Answer 24

stress
ADHD
depression
alzheimer
Cardiovascular