L-3 The bacterial pathogens

Question 1

whats virulence

Answer 1

the capacity of a microbe to cause
disease

Question 2

whats pathogenesis

Answer 2

refers to the development of
disease

Question 3

Disease and damage to host tissue results from what

Answer 3

host immune response including inflammation
toxin and enzyme production by the pathogens

Question 4

infections

Answer 4

many bacterial infections do not always require antibiotics
vaccines protect against virulent bacteria

Question 5

portals of entry

Answer 5

ingestion
inhalation
penetration
sexual

Question 6

what are invasions

Answer 6

proteins that activate the host
cell’s cytoskeletal machinery enabling
bacterial entry into the cell by phagocytosis

Question 7

Prokaryotic cells produce a variety of structures
that attach to the cell surface what are they?

Answer 7

fimbriae
pili
capsules
slime layers
biofilm

Question 8

importance of iron

Answer 8

essential for bacterial growth

Question 9

collagenase

Answer 9

collages = collagen (protein in skin and bone)
breakdown, spread of pathogen through tissue

Question 10

streptokinase

Answer 10

dissolves fibrin clots
spread of pathogen through tissue

Question 11

hyaluronidase

Answer 11

hyaluronic acid (polysaccharide cement between cells in tissue) breakdown
spread of pathogen through tissues

Question 12

lecithinase

Answer 12

lecithin (cell membrane component) breakdown

Question 13

virulence factor that damage the host

Answer 13

toxins (exotoxins/endotoxins)

Question 14

exotoxins and endotoxins

Answer 14

exotoxins = toxins produced by pathogens
which diffuse from the cells
endotoxins = toxins which are actual
components of the cell envelope

Question 15

3 main types of exotoxin

Answer 15

type 1 (superantigens) = activate many different types of immune cell
type 2 = damage host cell membranes
type 3 (A-B) = interfere with host cell function B- brings toxin to host cell A- causes damage to cell

Question 16

endotoxin

Answer 16

Endotoxic or septic shock
Results from excessive immune response
Lipopolysaccharide and sometimes peptidoglycan

Question 17

skin infections

Answer 17

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 18

Toxic shock syndrom

Answer 18

toxic shock syndrom toxin 1
scalded skin syndrome

Question 19

respiratory tract

Answer 19

ear, sinus
throat/URT
lungs/LRT

Question 20

Tissue infections

Answer 20

brain
heart

Question 21

bacterial infection of the heart

Answer 21

inflammation of the endocardium (lining of the heart, valves)

Question 22

rheumatic fever

Answer 22

can cause permanent damage to the heart and effects the joints

Question 22

rheumatic fever

Answer 22

can cause permanent damage to the heart and effects the joints

Question 23

whats Clostridium tetani toxin

Answer 23

its a disease where
spores contaminate wound
spores germinate cells release toxins
main targets cells of spinal cord and brain

Question 24

Clostridium botulinum toxin

Answer 24

causes botulism disease
symptoms- weakness, death, paralysis
treatment - antitoxin

Question 25

ischemia

Answer 25

loss of blood supply to tissue

Question 26

necrosis

Answer 26

death of tissue

Question 27

gangrene

Answer 27

death of soft tissue

Question 28

Upper GI Tract Infections

Answer 28

• Gastritis
  – Stomach ulcer
  – Stomach cancer