L-5 Basics of pharmacology Flashcards
whats pharmacodynamics
how drugs produce change in patients and the differences in patient responses to medication
whats the median effect dose (ED50)
its the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic responses in 50% of the group.
how does pharmacodynamics help?
-helps predict if drug will produce change
-will ensure that drug will provide safe, effective treatment
median lethal dose (LD50)
-what is it?
-what is it used for?
-determines the dose of the drug that will be lethal (harmful) in 50% of the group
-used to assess safety of the drug and for calculating the therapeutic index
median toxicity dose (TD50)
-the does that will produce a given toxicity
therapeutic index
-what is it?
-how its calculated
-its the measure of a drugs safety margin
-the higher the value the safer the drug
-therapeutic index = median lethal dose/median effective dose
graded dose response
it describes how the therapeutic response to a drug changes as the medication does is increased
three phases of graded dose response
phase 1: occurs at lowest dose
- few target cells affected by drug
phase 2: linear relationship
- most desirable range
- linear relationship between patient and drug
phase 3: plateau reached
- increase dose no therapeutic effect but may produce bad effects
potency
relation between the dose of the drug and the therapeutic effect
- refers to the drugs strength
- therapeutic effect at a lower dose = potent
((you read it horizontally from graph)
efficacy
ability of drug to produce therapeutic effect
(you read it vertically from graph)
agonist
a drug that’s capable of binding with a receptor to produce a response
can mimic endogenous substances and sometimes produce a greater response
partial agonists
produces a weaker, or less efficacious, response at a receptor than a full agonist.
antagonists
a drug that binds to a receptor site and blocks endogenous from acting
