Kolb + Wishaw

Question 1

Apoptosis

Answer 1

Genetically programmed cell death

Question 2

2 events take place in the development of a dendrite

Answer 2

1) dendritic arborization (branching)
2) growth of dendritic spines

Question 2

Neural Stemcells

Answer 2

line the ventricles forming the subventricular zone
- stemcells also give rise to progenitor (precursor) cells. These eventually prduce neuroblasts and glioblasts that mature into specialized neurons and glial cells

Question 3

Athetosis (slow involuntary movement)

Answer 3

Dystonia (imbalances in muscle tone)
- fiber systems meant to support posture and movement have connected to the wrong target

Question 4

Experience Expectant

Answer 4

Synaptic development depends on the presence of certain sensory experiences fro the organization of cortical circuits

Question 5

Experience Dependent

Answer 5

Synapses unique to an individual organism

Question 6

Birth of Glial Cells begins after most neurons are formed and continues throughout life

Answer 6

Myelination = rough index for cerebral maturation

Mature
1st : primary cortical regions (basic sensory + motor functions)
11-13 years : Parietal regions controlling spatial and language skills
late adolescence/adulthood (til 30) : tertiary cortical areas - prefrontal cortex

Question 7

Brain plasticity

Answer 7

Nervous System’s potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptibility to environmental change/compensate for injury

Question 8

MMN

Answer 8

MisMatch Negativity

Question 9

ERP

Answer 9

Event Related Potential

Question 10

Music abilities are studied as part of a distinct mental module

Answer 10

with its own procedures and knowledge bases, that are associated with dedicated and separate neural substrates

Question 11

According to FODOR, mental modules have the following characteristics;

Answer 11

1) rapidity of operation
2) automaticity
3) domain-specificity
4) informational encapsulation
5) neural specificity
6) innateness

• information encapsulation is the most important (=information processing within a mental module is immune from influence by the “central system”)

Central System: a large and slowly operating encyclopedic knowledge system involved in high-level cognitive operations, such as problem solving or belief evaluation

In this model, a neurological anamoly could either damage a processing component (box), or interfere with the flow of information (arrow) between components

• the model proposes various music-processing modules, each of which is concerned with a particular informatoin processing operation that contributes to the overall system

Question 12

Central Tone

Answer 12

Tonic

Substantial evidence that listeners use tonal knowledge in music perception automatically

Most musical scales use pitches of unequal spacing, that are organized around 5-7 focal pitches and afford the building of pitch hierarchies

Question 13

Brain Imaging

Answer 13

structural/functional

Structural Brain imaging = studies brain structure + diagnosis of disease and injury (CAT/MRI/PET)

Functional Brain Imaging = sutdies both cognitive and affective processes (PET/fMRI/EEG/MEG)

Question 14

EEG

Answer 14

Delta en Thèta golven
- ontspanning, dagdromen, mindfulness
- Thèta = creativiteit

Alfagolven gaan in wakkere toestand samen met een toename in aandacht en het uitfilteren van irrelevante informatie

Bètagolven zijn typisch zichtbaar tijdens bewuste denkprocessen

Gammagolven = perceptuele integratie van delen in een geheel (bijv. relevant voor het herkennen van objecten)