Hoofdstuk 6 Flashcards
Neuroconstructivism
a process of interaction between environment and brain-based constraints that leads to the mature cognitive system emerging out of transformations of earlier ones (but does not assume district stages)
Gottlieb: PREDETERMINED Development
genes dictate the structure of the brain, which enables the particular functions of the brain, which determine the kind of experiences we have
PROBABLISTIC Development
in which brain structure, and even the expression of genes can be influenced by experience as well as vice versa.
- also the effect of genes on the brain structure are themselves probablistic, such as that they specify approx. how many neurons will grow and where to grow them but not exactly
Neural Tube
the embryo’s precursor to the central nervous system (set of cells in hollow tube)
neuroblasts
stemcells for neurons
Radial Glial Cells
support cells that guide neurons from the neural tube to their final destination (like a rope)
“Hebbian Learning”
what wires together, fires together
Kennard Principle
the earlier the brian damage, the better the functional outcome
a critical period
has two defining features
1) learning can only take place within a limited time window
2) the learning is hard to reverse in the face of later experience
- sensitive period (extension/alteration of period/ learning)
Empiricism
newborn mind is a blank slate
nativism
at least some forms of knowledge are innate
instinct
a behaviour that is a product of natural selection
Prepared Learning
the theory that common phobias are biologically determined from evolution
Behavioural Genetics
Studying the inheritance of behaviour and cognition
Allele
different versions of the same gene