Final Details Flashcards
Evoked potentials depend on:
Physical properties of the stimulus
Grandmother cell
multimodal
Rather than relying on reaction times, lesion methods tend to rely on which of the following?
Error rates
Posner (1978) called study of the time-course of information processing in the human nervous system
Mental Chronometry
Which imaging method measures the white matter connectivity between regions?
DTI Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Protons from which type of molecule found in the human body form the main basis for the MRI signal?
H20
The principle of cognitive subtraction holds that it is possible to infer functionally specialized brain regions by:
Identifying regions activated by an experimental, but not baseline, task
fNIRS (functional near infrared spectroscopy)
Measures BOLD response (Blood-Oxygen Level-Dependent Contrast)
Talairach coordinates define locations in the brain according to x, y, and z values, with the origin lying at a region called the:
Anterior Commisure
The process of smoothing spreads the raw activation of a given voxel to neighboring voxels according to which function?
Gaussian Distribution
By choosing a more conservative significance level (P value) in neuroimaging analysis, one runs the risk of failing to detect true regions of activation, an error known as:
Type II error
According to Farah et al. (2014) how good is fMRI at separating truthful versus deceitful answers?
69% - 100%
Which nucleus projects to primary auditory cortex along the thalamo-cortical route?
Medial Geniculate Nucleus
One way of dealing with variability in the acoustic signal in the brain is:
Categorical Perception
In the Biased Competition Model at what stage does serial processing emerge?
Motor Stages
Neglect is associated with lesions to the:
Right Inferior Parietal Lobes
The ability to report on the content of awareness is referred to as:
Access Consciousness
Which of the following accurately describes the changes in the basal ganglia motor circuit of patients with Parkinson’s disease:
Increasing the output of the indirect pathway, and decreasing the output on the direct pathway
The primary motor cortex corresponds to which Brodmann area?
Brodmann Area 4
The frontal eye fields can be found in which Brodmann area?
Brodmann Area 8
The lateral premotor cortex has been associated with:
acting with objects in the environment
The human analogue of monkey area F5 is believed to be in:
Broca’s Area
Neurons in which of the following brain region area code action-relevant properties of objects (e.g. specific shapes, sizes, and orientations)?
Anterior Intraparietal Area
A sharp edge of a particular object indicates that it is useful for cutting. The property of objects that allow us to make this inference is called:
Affordance
The key difference between working memory and short-term memory is that working memory emphasizes not only storage of information but also its:
Manipulation
The key difference between working memory and short-term memory is that working memory emphasizes not only storage of information but also its:
Anterograde
Long-term potentiation represents an increase in the responsiveness of which type of neuron?
postsynaptic neuron
The results of Anderson et al.’s (1994) retrieval-induced forgetting study, in addition to subsequent results, supports which type of forgetting mechanism?
inhibition
Fletcher and Henson (2001) suggested that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has the specific function of:
Monitoring
Morris
Water maze
Which of the following neuroimaging analysis techniques was used to determine the gray matter volume in the hippocampi of London taxi drivers (Maguire, 2000)?
Voxel-Based Morphometry
Patients with damage to which brain region typically exhibit socially disadvantageous behavior, but generally do well on other measures of executive functioning?
Orbitofrontal Cortex
Maintaining an out-of-date rule in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a sign of:
Perserveration
According to Goldman-Rakic’s working memory model, prefrontal activity provides a mechanism especially for:
Refreshing information stored in posterior regions
The idea of a multiple demand network is most closely linked with:
Duncan
In Miller and Cohen’s (2001) view, prefrontal neurons respond primarily to:
Task Rules
Jahanshahi et al. (1998) discovered that repetitive TMS over which area of the brain results in less random and more familiar sequences?
Left DLPFC
Aron et al. (2004) suggested that the right ventrolateral prefrontal region specifically relates to:
inhibition
The circuit that includes regions of the cingulate cortex, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, and the anterior nucleus of the thalamus is called the:
Papez circuit
Which of the following is NOT one of Haidt’s moral emotions?
Fear
Eisenberger, Lieberman, and Williams (2003) found that which region was implicated in feelings of social exclusion?
Mid Anterior Cingulate
Oberman et al. (2005) used EEG to show that people with autism:
Showed less mu suppression when watching hand actions
Ellis and Young (1990) suggested that patients suffering from which syndrome can consciously recognize faces but lack emotional responses to them?
Capgras patients
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 regions implicated in theory-of-mind by Frith and Frith (2003)?
Premotor cortex
Baron-Cohen (2002) suggests that the characteristics of all individuals can be classified according to two dimensions, which include:
Empathizing and systemizing
In fear conditioning experiments the shock is an example of:
unconditioned stimulus
