Hoofdstuk 16

Question 1

Emotions

Answer 1

Internal sign posts
- state associated with stimuli that are rewarding or punishing, often have an inherent survival value

Question 2

Mentalizing

Answer 2

thinking about other people’s intentions, desires and beliefs via perspective taking (Theory of Mind)

Question 3

Mirroring

Answer 3

sharing mental states/emotioins of others

Question 4

James Lange Theory of EMotion

Answer 4

the self-perception of bodily changes that produces emotional experience

Question 5

ANS Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 5

mediates changes in the bodyv

Question 6

Cannon-Bard

Answer 6

emotional perception/interpretation occurs first, bodily reaction after
- theory centered on the hyopothalamus’ role

Question 7

Feldman-Barrett

Answer 7

All emotions involve a core affecct system (pleasunt-unpleasant, high-low arousal)
- core affect is linked to bodily feelings of emotions and linked to limbic structures such as medial temporal lobes, cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex

Question 8

Moral emotions

Answer 8

refers to emotions that are related to the behaviour of oneself (in relation to others) or the behaviour of others (in relation to oneself or others)

Question 9

Amygdala

Answer 9

part tof limbic system, implicated in learning the emotional value of stimuli (fear conditioning)
* Kluver-Bucy Syndrome (lesions amygdala)
- unusual tameness/emotional blunting
- examine objects with mouth
- dietary changes

Question 10

Skin Conductance Response (SCR) involves recording changes in electrical conductivity on a person’s skin on the hand

Question 11

Insula

Answer 11

region of cortex buried beneath temporal lobes: body perception (pain+task) + Primary Gustatory Cortex (responds to disgust)
* involved in intereoception = monitoring the internal state of the body

Question 12

General function of orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 12

is computing CURRENT value of stimulus

Question 13

Anterior Cingulate

Answer 13

linked to motivation and determining costs/benefits of actions

Question 14

Cyberball Game

Answer 14

social exclusion activates the antterior cingulate (stress)

Question 15

Dorsal region Striatum

Answer 15

sensorimotor

Question 16

Ventral region Striatum

Answer 16

emotions
- part of basal ganglia that includes the nucleus accumbens
- involved in a “limbic circuit” connecting the orbitofrontal corteex, basal ganglia and thalamus
- reward-based learning + social reward

Question 17

Conspecific

Answer 17

members of the same species

Question 18

Social Referencing

Answer 18

the emotional response of someone else may lead to avoidance or interaction with a previously neutral stimulus

Question 19

Caporas syndrome

Answer 19

body doubles

Question 20

Superior temporal sulcus

Answer 20

important for recognizing eye gazing and facial/bodily movements

Question 21

Amygdala

Answer 21

emotional learning/memory

Question 22

Insula + Anterior Cingulate

Answer 22

body aspects of emotional experience

Question 23

Orrbitofrontal ccortex

Answer 23

appraisal + control of social and emotional stimuli

Question 24

Ventral Striatum

Answer 24

key role in reward prediction

Question 25

Mu Oscillations

Answer 25

EEG oscillations at 8-13 Hz over the sensorimotor cortex that are greatest when participants are at rest

Question 27

Mirror-systemdysfunction in autism

Question 28

Temporal poles

Answer 28

normally activated in tastes of language and semantic memory

Question 29

Temporoparietal Junction

Answer 29

• tests of mentalizing
• studies of the perception of biological motion, eye gaze, moving mouths, and living things in general