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Psychology > Kohlberg > Flashcards

Kohlberg Flashcards

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1
Q

What is heteronomous moral reasoning

A

Weights the outcome of the action to determine how bad it is

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2
Q

What is autonomous moral reasoning

A

Takes into account the intent of the person committing the action

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3
Q

What was the aim of kohlbergs study

A

Kohlberg wanted to provide research that would back up his theory of moral development inspired by Piaget

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4
Q

What was the sample

A

75 boys aged 10-16 until they were 22-28 years of age

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5
Q

What was stage one of the procedure

A

Every boy was presented with moral dilemmas including the Heinz dilemma every 3 years

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6
Q

What was stage two of the procedure

A

Using the answers the boys gave, kohlberg ranked them in six categories (1 being the least morally developed to 6 - most morally developed) if about 50% of their responses to any of these moral concepts fall into that stage

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7
Q

What was stage 3 of the procedure

A

This formed his theory of stages of moral development

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8
Q

What is longitudinal research

A

A research method that follows a number of participants over an extended period of time

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9
Q

What are strengths of longitudinal research

A

Due to following the same participants it reduces the effect of participant variables
Can show development of individuals and how these differ by gender, culture, environment etc

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10
Q

What were weaknesses of longitudinal research

A

Time consuming
Retention rate - people may drop out before the end of the study

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11
Q

Where else was kohlbergs research conducted

A

Taiwan, Turkey, Mexico, Malaysia, Canada and the UK

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12
Q

What are strengths of cross cultural research

A

Reduces ethnocentrism
Comparisons can be made to help generalise the results

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13
Q

What are weaknesses of cross cultural research

A

Effort and time to conduct
Expensive
Same procedure often not appropriate for different cultures

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14
Q

What are the three levels of morality

A

Pre-conventional
Conventional
Post-conventional

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15
Q

What are the six stages of morality

A

Obedience and punishment orientation
Self interest orientation
Conformity to exoectations and rules
Authority and social order orientation
Social contract orientation
Universal ethical principles

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16
Q

What is the obedience and punishment orientation

A

The child responsive to cultural norms but able to behave in an immoral way if authority structure is missing

17
Q

What is the obedience and punishment orientation

A

The child responsive to cultural norms but able to behave in an immoral way if authority structure is missing

18
Q

What is the self interest orientation stage

A

The child behaves in a self centred way

19
Q

What is the conformity to expectations and rules stage

A

Child is now seeking approval from other and begins to consider the intention of the act

20
Q

What is the authority and social order orientation stage

A

The child sees right behaviour as duty to show respect and maintain social order

21
Q

What is the social contract orientation stage

A

Child now does what is right based on law plus personal values and opinions. Sees laws as changeable

22
Q

What is the universal ethical principles stage

A

Child no bases judgement on universal human rights of justice, equality, reciprocity and respect for the individual

23
Q

What ethics were kept

A

Consent was gained by the boys every 3 years
Had the right to withdraw every 3 years by not answering questions
The names of participants were left confidential
Participants knew the true aim of the study and were not lied to

24
Q

What ethics were broken

A

Harm my have been experienced through being given troubling dilemmas

25
Q

How was the internally reliable

A

Procedure was very standardised
Standardised by ensuring 50% of answers must fit in a stage to deem the boy in that stage

26
Q

How was it externally reliable

A

75 is quite a large sample size so able to establish a consistent effect
Further samples within the other countries

27
Q

How was it internally valid (construct)

A

Possible social desirability bias
Possible demand characteristics
Extraneous variables
Dilemmas may have instead been testing intelligence

28
Q

How was it externally valid (population)

A

Wide range of cultures so generalisable to other places
Only male participants used

29
Q

How is it externally valid (ecological)

A

How you respond to a hypothetical dilemma may not be how you respond if you were actually in the scenario

Psychology (14 decks)

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