Psychological Perspectives Flashcards
What is the principles of behaviour perspective
All people are born tabula rasa (blank slates)
All behaviours are learned from the environment
What are the three different concepts of behaviourist perspective
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Social learning theory
What was the process of pavlovs dogs
- Pavlov noticed dogs would salivate every time they saw food
- He rang a bell every time they got food to make them salivate
- He repeated many times so the bell was associated with food
- Soon the dogs would salivate at the sound of the bell without food
What is aversion therapy
It is a type of behavioural therapy that involves pairing an unwanted behaviour with discomfort repeatedly
Why is aversion therapy an example of classical conditioning
An unwanted behaviour is paired with a negative stimulus to try and reduce the behaviour
What is aversion therapy used for
To help a person give up a behaviour or habit by having them associate it with something unpleasant
Eg. Addictions such as smoking or drinking
What is classical conditioning
Learning by association
What are the principles of the cognitive area
Our behaviour is influenced by internal mental processes such as memory attention language and perception
Your mind processes information like a computer. The information is inputted processed stored and retrieved
What are the four concepts of cognitive area
Reconstructive memory
Schema theory
Auditory attention
The cocktail party effect
What is reconstructive memory
The way in which our biases and prejudices can unconsciously lead us to have memories of events that are distortions of what actually happened
What is schema therapy
A packet of information about how we would expect something to be
What is auditory attention
A cognitive process that allows the listener to focus selectively on the stimulus of interest
What is the cocktail party effect
The concerto it originally suggested by Cherry in which we would hear it when our own name is said within a crowded room
How does moray link to the cognitive area
Morays study focused on the internal mental process of attention and how this affected the participants behaviour
Moray shows how the mind processes auditory information within the unintentional barrier as well as how this can be broken
How does loftus and palmer link to the cognitive area
The focus on the internal mental process of memory and how it can be influenced by external sources after an event
They describe reconstructive memory as being a problem when the memory is encoded. External factors get mixed with our own perception and change the memory.
