Bandura

Question 1

What was banduras study on

Answer 1

The external influences on children’s behaviour

Question 2

How does he believe children learn

Answer 2

By watching adults and imitation their behaviour

Question 3

What was the aim of the study

Answer 3

To see whether children would imitate adult behaviour when given the opportunity even if they saw these behaviours in a different environment and the model was no longer present

Question 4

What are the four hypotheses

Answer 4

1. Subjects exposed to aggressive models would reproduce the aggressive acts
2. Observation of non-aggressive models would have a generalised inhibiting effect on subsequent behaviour
3. Subjects would imitate behaviour of the same sex model to a greater degree than a model of the other sex
4. Boys should be more pre-disposed than girls toward imitating aggression

Question 5

What were the characteristics of the sample

Answer 5

72 children
From Stanford university nursery
Aged 3-5 years
Mean age of 4 years
Equal gender split

Question 6

What was the sampling method

Answer 6

Opportunity - researchers used children who were present at nursery on the days of testing

Question 7

What was the matched participant design

Answer 7

Each participant is paired with another participant with a shared characteristic before being put into different groups for the experiment

Question 8

What characteristics were children matched based on

Answer 8

1. Physical aggression
2. Verbal aggression
3. Aggression inhibition
4. Aggression towards inanimate objects

Question 9

What was carried out before the study

Answer 9

Pre-test
Children were observed prior to the experiment by both the researcher and the nursery teacher

Question 10

What was the level of inter reliability

Answer 10

0.89

Question 11

What is inter reliability

Answer 11

The extent to which the observers/researchers agree on what they are looking for

Question 12

How were they allocated into groups

Answer 12

Each type of aggression was measured on a five point scale for each child, and they were given a score out of 20
The similar children are then split up so one of each with the same score goes into each different test group

Question 13

What is good about the matched participants

Answer 13

It means prior aggression levels will not influence the results

Question 14

What is bad about the matched participants

Answer 14

It is very time consuming and sometimes not possible to find matches for every child

Question 15

What are the three independent variables

Answer 15

Model behaviour
Sex of model
Sex of child

Question 16

What are the five model conditions

Answer 16

Aggressive male model
Aggressive female model
Non aggressive male model
Non aggressive female model
No model (control)

Question 17

What were the results found

Answer 17

Boys watching an aggressive male model gave 25.8 aggressive acts vs only 1.5 when watching a male non-aggressive model

Boys watching a male non-aggressive model gave 1.5 aggressive acts vs 2 when given no model

Boys watching a male model gave 25.8 aggressive acts vs only 12.4 when watching a female model

Boys showed on average 38.2 imitative physical aggressive acts and girls only 12.7

Question 18

What were the qualitative findings

Answer 18

“That ain’t not way for a lady to behave”
“That girl was just acting like a man”
“He’s a good fighter like daddy”

Question 19

What were the strengths of the study

Answer 19

The sample had both boys and girls
The sample was large
The procedure was very controlled
The observers agreed in the pretest and stage three on their ratings
The matched participants design made the groups fair

Question 20

What were the weaknesses of the study

Answer 20

There weren’t many children in each condition
The children were upset after stage 2
The children could have been left with aggressive behaviour
The parents didn’t consent to their participation
The children were probably all very similar due to being from the same place
The scenario wasnt very realistic
The children didn’t know it was a fake situation
The age range was limited

Question 21

What was stage one of the procedure

Answer 21

Each child taken individually to room for 10 minutes and shown high interest activities such as potato printing and stickers
The model sat at another table with tinker toys, a bobo doll and a mallet
Non-aggressive: model played with tinker toys and ignored bobo doll
Aggressive: played with tinker toys for one minute and then was aggressive towards bobo doll for remaining time

Question 22

What was the procedure during stage 2

Answer 22

Children were taken into a smaller room with attractive toys such as toy fire engine, plane, train and spinning top
They were allowed to play for 2 minutes before experimenter removed them from the room due to them being the best toys and they had to be saved for other children

Question 23

What was the procedure during stage 3

Answer 23

They went back to the first room and were given more toys such as a mini bobo doll, dart gun and a ball hanging from the ceiling as well as non-aggressive toys
They were allowed to play for 20 minutes whilst being watched through a one way mirror
Every 5 seconds, a note was made on the behaviour based upon categories

Question 24

Why did the models have distinct aggressive acts

Answer 24

To ensure the children were imitating the model and not just doing things they would do anyways

Question 25

Why was stage two (mild aggression arousal) included

Answer 25

To see if they would imitate the aggression in stage three or if previous work was correct and witnessing aggression is actually cathartic