Debates

Question 1

Define ethics

Answer 1

The guidelines that must be kept by the researchers in order to protect the wellbeing of participants involved in their research

Question 2

What are the six ethical guidelines

Answer 2

Informed consent
Confidentiality
Deception
Debrief
Right to withdraw
Protection from harm

Question 3

What is informed consent

Answer 3

Participants must agree to take part and know what the research involves

Question 4

What is confidentiality

Answer 4

The personal details of participants must be kept confidential

Question 5

What is deception

Answer 5

Participants must not be tricked in any way during their involvement in the study

Question 6

What is debrief

Answer 6

Participants must be informed of study details at the end of their participations

Question 7

What is the right to withdraw

Answer 7

Participants are able to leave at any time and they do not need to say why they wish to leave

Question 8

What is protection from harm

Answer 8

Participants should not experience mental or physical harm as a result of their involvement

Question 9

What are the broader ethical principles

Answer 9

Respect
Competence
Responsibility
Integrity

Question 10

What ethical guidelines are within respect

Answer 10

Informed consent
Right to withdraw
Confidentiality

Question 11

What ethical guidelines are within competence

Answer 11

Research shouldn’t give advice beyond that which they are competent to give

Question 12

What ethical guidelines are within responsibility

Answer 12

Protection from harm
Debrief

Question 13

What ethical guidelines are within integrity

Answer 13

Deception

Question 14

What are example of studies that break the ethical guidelines

Answer 14

Milgram
Piliavin

Question 15

What are examples of studies that follow ethical guidelines

Question 16

What are the benefits of research being ethical

Answer 16

• avoids participants leaving the study in a worse state than they entered
• allows for replication of the study as it is reliable
• enhances the credibility as an academic deisciplime
• researchers are likely to get other participants in the future

Question 17

What are the drawbacks of research being ethical

Answer 17

• it can place limits on the sort of research carried out
• can reduce accuracy if participants know the aim
• sampling bias can be a problem if participants are able to withdraw
• insisting on participants being confidential could silence them and prevent them from having people know that a particular result in a study related to them

Question 18

What is the individual/situational debate

Answer 18

It focuses on the extent to which a persons behaviour is the result of their personality as opposed to the context they are in

Question 19

What are situational explanations

Answer 19

Ones that suggest that behaviour is best explained by reference to the circumstances a person is in

Question 20

What are individual explanations

Answer 20

Ones that suggest behaviour is explained as arising from a persons own personality or characteristics

Question 21

Why was milgrams study on the situational side of the debate

Answer 21

• it was held in Yale
• experimenter was watching and providing prods
• they were paid
• there was a fixed lottery

Question 22

Why was milgrams study on the individual side of the debate

Answer 22

• they volunteered
• they could have been introverted or extroverted

Question 23

Why was piliavins study on the situational side of the debate

Answer 23

• couldn’t leave the train
• they knew what the problem was
• models prompted to help
• the type of victim

Question 24

Why was piliavins study on the individual side of the debate

Answer 24

• no diffusion of responsibility
• sex: 90% of first helpers were male