knee and Patello-Femoral Joint

Question 1

knee capsule contains who many joints? names?

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

Question 2

just as the pelvic joint in which position is knee joint most stable?

Answer 2

closed packed position

Question 3

what type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 3

Modified Hinge Joint

Question 4

what are the structures that provide support to the joint?

Answer 4

Cruciate Ligaments  (a,p)
Collateral Ligaments (m,l)
Menisci (m,l)

Question 5

what is larger the medial or the lateral condyles of the femur and the tibia?

Answer 5

Medial Condyles

Question 6

what attaches tot he intercondylar area of the femur?

Answer 6

ACL

Question 7

in order to be locked in in what way does the femur rotates?

Answer 7

?medially over the tibia in the last 20 degrees of flexion allowing for the anterior part of the medial condyle to become articulated

Question 8

what muscle is responsible for knee flexion? how does it work?

Answer 8

popliteus

lateral rotation because it acts in a reverse pull manner upwards from the lateral condyles of the tibia

Question 9

what are the intracepsular structures?

Answer 9

menisci
Cruciate ligaments (partially)
synovial membrane (does not cover the menisci)
fat

Question 10

what are the reinforcements of the capsule of the knee?

Answer 10

Anteriorly
=patellar tendon 
=retinacular fibres
Lateral
=popliteus
=biceps
=iliotibial tract
Medial 
=pes anserinus tendos
Posterior
=tendon form semimembranosus

Question 11

the capsule of the knee has 2 deficiencies they are

Answer 11

anterior for the supra patellar bursa

posterior for the bursa of the popliteus muscle

Question 12

bakers bursatis is due to inflammation of what bursa?

Answer 12

Deep popliteal bursa

Question 13

Pes Anserinus are the muscle insertions for…

Answer 13

Say Grace Before Sex
S)artorius 
G)racilis
B)ursa
S)emitendinosus

Question 14

ACL and PCL are intracapsular and intrasynovial?

Answer 14

False

they are intracapsular but extrasynovial

Question 15

direction of the ACL, functionality

Answer 15

from tibial tuberosity [ant] to lateral condyle [post]
blocks femur from going backwards when standing
blocks tibia from sliding forwards when kicking

Question 16

how is the ACL commonly damaged

Answer 16

when the leg is on extension and it is hype rotated laterally

Question 17

to repair an ACL graft can be taken from

Answer 17

pes anserine, sartorius or the iliotibial tract

Question 18

how is the PCL commonly damaged

Answer 18

hyper extension of the knee

fall on flexed knee

Question 19

Medial Collateral Ligament

Answer 19

resists abduction (valgus) and lateral rotation 
if damaged the medial menisci will also be damaged because of its deep fibres

Question 20

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Answer 20

resists adduction (varus)
separated to the meniscus by the popliteus tendon

Question 21

what part of the menisci is more easily damaged?

Answer 21

medial menisci

Question 22

patella alignment is mediated by

Answer 22

strong vast us medialis
medial patellar retinaculum
raised lip on lateral femoral condyle