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Kinesiology > Kinesiology 5 > Flashcards

Kinesiology 5 Flashcards

Muscular System

1
Q

tendon

A

a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

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2
Q

musculotendinous junction

A

point where muscle meets tendon

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3
Q

tenoperiosteal junction

A

point where tendon meets bone

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4
Q

insertion

A

more movable bone

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5
Q

origin

A

the more stable bone

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6
Q

normal muscle action

A

insertion to origin

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7
Q

reverse muscle action

A

origin to insertion

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8
Q

parallel muscle fibers

A

tend to be longer and thus have a greater potential for shortening and producing more range of motion

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9
Q

oblique muscle fibers

A

tend to be shorter, but more numerous. They tend to have greater strength potential, but a smaller range of motion potential

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10
Q

strap muscle

A

parallel muscle fiber, long and thin with fibers running the entire length of the muscle

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11
Q

fusiform muscle

A

parallel muscle, has shape similar to that of a spindle. It5 is wider in the middle and tapers at both ends. most, but not all, fibers run the length of the muscle. The muscle may be of any length size

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12
Q

rhomboidal muscle

A

parallel muscle, four-sided, usually flat, with braod attachments at each end

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13
Q

triangular muscle

A

parallel muscle, flat and fan shaped with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachment at the other

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14
Q

unipennate

A

oblique muscle, looks like one side of a feather, a series of short fibers attaching diagonally along the length of a central tendon

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15
Q

bipennate muscle

A

oblique muscle, looks like a common feather, fibers are obliquely attached to both sides of a central tendon

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16
Q

multipennate muscle

A

oblique muscle, has many tendons with oblique fibers in between

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17
Q

normal resting length

A

the length of a muscle when it is not shortened or lengthened, it has no forces or stresses placed upon it

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18
Q

irritability

A

the ability to respond to a stimulus

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19
Q

contractility

A

the muscle’s ability to contract and generate force when it receives adequate stimulation

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20
Q

extensibility

A

a muscles’s ability to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied

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21
Q

elasticity

A

a muscle’s ability to recoil or return to normal resting length when the stretching or shortening force is removed

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22
Q

fascicles

A

groups of muscle fibers that are bound together into a bundle

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23
Q

myofibril

A

small bundles of fiber that composes a muscle fiber

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24
Q

sacromere

A

functional divisions that are partitioned longitudinally in myofibrils

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25
Q

z-line

A

separate sacromeres

26
Q

actin filaments

A

one of two small filaments that a sacromere is comprised of

27
Q

myosin

A

one of two small filaments that a sacromere is comprised of. These filaments have heads that when stimulated reach out to bind with actin filaments. Once bound they exert force on the actin filament and pull the actin filaments together

28
Q

sliding filament theory

A

describes the interaction between the actin and the myosin and explains how force is produced during a muscle contraction and how the sacromere is shortened

29
Q

Tension

A

the force built up within a muscle

30
Q

passive tension

A

stretching builds up passive tension

31
Q

active tension

A

from the contractile units and the force generated

32
Q

total tension

A

the combination of passive and active tension

33
Q

tone

A

slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times, a state of readiness that allows the muscle to act more easily and quickly when needed.

34
Q

excursion

A

that distance from maximum length to maximum shortening

35
Q

concentric contraction

A

where origin and insertion move closer together

36
Q

eccentric contraction

A

where origin and insertion move farther apart

37
Q

optimal length

A

when a muscle is at slight stretch

38
Q

active insufficiency

A

the point at which a muscle can not shorten any farther, occurs with the agonist

39
Q

passive insufficiency

A

muscle cannot be lengthened any farther without damage to its fibers, occurs with the antagonist

40
Q

adaptive lengthening

A

a muscle that has been chronically over stretched and developed a new resting length, strengthening exercise are used to correct

41
Q

adaptive shortening

A

a muscle that has been chronically shortened and developed a new resting length and a decrease in the amount of extensibility, stretching exercise are used to correct

42
Q

adaptive shortening

A

‘tight muscle’

43
Q

tenodesis

A

tendon action of a muscle

44
Q

isometric contraction

A

contraction of muscle, producing force without changing the length of a muscle

45
Q

concentric contraction

A

isotonic contraction, occurs when there is joint movement

46
Q

shortening contraction

A

concentric contraction

47
Q

eccentric contraction

A

isotonic contraction, there is joint movement, but the muscle appears to lengthen while still contracting, can produce much greater force than a concentric contraction

48
Q

lengthening contractions~

A

eccentric contractions

49
Q

isokinetic copntraction

A

the speed of the motion stays the same for the duration of the contraction.

50
Q

agonist muscle

A

muscle that causes the motion

51
Q

agonist muscle

A

prime mover

52
Q

assisting mover

A

not as effective as prime mover, but does assist in providing motion

53
Q

antagonist muscle

A

performs opposite motion of agonist

54
Q

cocontraction

A

when the antagonist contracts as the same time as the agonist

55
Q

stabilizer

A

a muscle that supports, or makes firm, a part allowing the agonist to work more efficiently

56
Q

neutralizer

A

contracts to prevent any unwanted motion

57
Q

synergist

A

a muscle that works with one or more muscles to enhance a particular motion

58
Q

closed kinetic chain

A

distal segment is fixed (closed) and the propximal segment(s) moves.

59
Q

open kinetic chain

A

The distal segment(s) is free to move while the proximal segments stay stationary

60
Q

strain

A

overstretching of muscle fibers

61
Q

trigger points

A

hyperirritable points within a tight band of muscle that refer pain to other areas of the body when they are palpated

62
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

Kinesiology (15 decks)

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