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Kinesiology > Kinesiology 3 > Flashcards

Kinesiology 3 Flashcards

Articular Sysytem

1
Q

fibrous joint

A

has thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones, as in the sutures in the skull. There are 3 types: synarthrosis, syndesmosis, and gomphosis.

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2
Q

synarthrosis

A

suture joint, end of joint are shaped to allow them to interlock. Essentially no motion. purpose to provide shape and strength

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3
Q

syndesmosis

A

ligamentous joint. A small amount of twisting, or stretching may occur

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4
Q

gomphosis

A

“bolting together”- greek, joint between teeth and mandible and maxilla, “peg-in-socket”

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5
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

has either hyaline cartilage, or fibrocartilage between, allow very little motion such as bending, or twisting and some compression. provide a great deal of stability

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6
Q

aphiarthrodial joint

A

cartilaginous joint

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7
Q

synovial joint

A

no direct union between bone ends, cavity filled , allows free motinwith synovial fluid contained in sleevelike capsule

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8
Q

diarthrodial joint

A

synovial joint

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9
Q

nonaxial joint

A

joint surfaces are relatively flat and glide over one another instead of one moving around the other

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10
Q

plane joint

A

nonaxial joijnt

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11
Q

uniaxial joint

A

has angular motion around one axis, much like a hinge

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12
Q

hinge joint

A

uniaxial joint

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13
Q

pivot joint

A

elbow, uniaxial joint

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14
Q

biaxial joint

A

motion occurs upon two axis

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15
Q

condyloid joints

A

metacarpophalangial (MCP) and wrist joints

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16
Q

eppsiliod joints

A

condyloid joints

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17
Q

saddle joints

A

carpometacarpal joint (CMC) of thumb, articular surface of each bone is concave in one direction and convex in the other, resembles a rider sitting in saddle

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18
Q

triaxial joint

A

motion occurs actively around all three axis

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19
Q

multiaxial joint

A

triaxial joint

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20
Q

ball-and-socket joint

A

triaxial joint

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21
Q

ligaments

A

bands of fibrous connective tissue, flexible not elastic, bone to bone

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22
Q

capsular ligaments

A

ligaments around a synovial joint

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23
Q

capsule

A

surrounds and encases the joint and protects the articular surfaces of the bones

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24
Q

synovial membrane

A

inner layer of synovial joint. A thick, vascular connective tissue that secrets synovial fluid

25
Q

synovial fluid

A

thick clear liquid that lubricates the articular cartilage, reduces friction and helps joint move freely. Also provides some shock absorption and is a major source of nutrition for articular cartilage

26
Q

cartilage

A

a dense fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great amounts of pressure and tension. The body has 3 types; hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

27
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

covers ends of opposing bone within a synovial joint, provides a smooth articulating surface, can not repair itself if damaged

28
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

29
Q

fibrocartilage

A

acts as a shock absorber, is present in synovial and cartilaginous joints.

30
Q

meniscus

A

fibrocartilage at knee

31
Q

labrum

A

shoulder fibrocartilge, deepens shallow of glenoid fossa

32
Q

elastic cartilage

A

helps maintain structure’s shape

33
Q

tendon

A

connects muscle to bone

34
Q

tendon sheath

A

fibrous sleeves that surround tendons where it is subject to pressure or friction

35
Q

aponeurosis

A

broad, flat, tendinous sheet

36
Q

linea alba

A

aponeurosis across mid abdomen attaching abdominal muscles from both sides together

37
Q

bursea

A

small, padlike sacs reduce friction between moving parts

38
Q

sagittal plane

A

passes through the body from front to back and divides body into right and left. Motions that occur upon this plane are flexion and extension. Frontal axis runs through

39
Q

frontal plane

A

divides body into front and back, motions that occur upon this plane are abduction and adduction, sagittal axis runs through

40
Q

coronal plane

A

frontal plane

41
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body into top and bottom, rotation occurs on this plane. vertical axis runs through

42
Q

horizontal plane

A

transverse plane

43
Q

longitudinal axis

A

vertical axis

44
Q

axis

A

points that run through the center of a joint around which a part rotates

45
Q

plane

A

movement occurs in

46
Q

axis

A

movement occurs around

47
Q

degrees of freedom

A

number of planes in which a joint can move

48
Q

dislocation

A

complete separation of the two articular surfaces of a joint. A portion of the joint capsule will be torn.

49
Q

subluxation

A

a partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time

50
Q

osteoarthritis

A

type of arthritis caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage

51
Q

degenerative arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

52
Q

sprains

A

partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

53
Q

strain

A

overstretching of muscle fibers

54
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

55
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of a synovial membrane

56
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendon sheath

57
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

58
Q

capsulitis

A

inflammation of the joint capsule

59
Q

capsular pattern

A

pattern of lost extensibility and movement, happens when loss of motion is present

Kinesiology (15 decks)

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