Kinesiology 3 Flashcards
Articular Sysytem
fibrous joint
has thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones, as in the sutures in the skull. There are 3 types: synarthrosis, syndesmosis, and gomphosis.
synarthrosis
suture joint, end of joint are shaped to allow them to interlock. Essentially no motion. purpose to provide shape and strength
syndesmosis
ligamentous joint. A small amount of twisting, or stretching may occur
gomphosis
“bolting together”- greek, joint between teeth and mandible and maxilla, “peg-in-socket”
cartilaginous joint
has either hyaline cartilage, or fibrocartilage between, allow very little motion such as bending, or twisting and some compression. provide a great deal of stability
aphiarthrodial joint
cartilaginous joint
synovial joint
no direct union between bone ends, cavity filled , allows free motinwith synovial fluid contained in sleevelike capsule
diarthrodial joint
synovial joint
nonaxial joint
joint surfaces are relatively flat and glide over one another instead of one moving around the other
plane joint
nonaxial joijnt
uniaxial joint
has angular motion around one axis, much like a hinge
hinge joint
uniaxial joint
pivot joint
elbow, uniaxial joint
biaxial joint
motion occurs upon two axis
condyloid joints
metacarpophalangial (MCP) and wrist joints
eppsiliod joints
condyloid joints
saddle joints
carpometacarpal joint (CMC) of thumb, articular surface of each bone is concave in one direction and convex in the other, resembles a rider sitting in saddle
triaxial joint
motion occurs actively around all three axis
multiaxial joint
triaxial joint
ball-and-socket joint
triaxial joint
ligaments
bands of fibrous connective tissue, flexible not elastic, bone to bone
capsular ligaments
ligaments around a synovial joint
capsule
surrounds and encases the joint and protects the articular surfaces of the bones
synovial membrane
inner layer of synovial joint. A thick, vascular connective tissue that secrets synovial fluid
synovial fluid
thick clear liquid that lubricates the articular cartilage, reduces friction and helps joint move freely. Also provides some shock absorption and is a major source of nutrition for articular cartilage
cartilage
a dense fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great amounts of pressure and tension. The body has 3 types; hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
hyaline cartilage
covers ends of opposing bone within a synovial joint, provides a smooth articulating surface, can not repair itself if damaged
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
acts as a shock absorber, is present in synovial and cartilaginous joints.
meniscus
fibrocartilage at knee
labrum
shoulder fibrocartilge, deepens shallow of glenoid fossa
elastic cartilage
helps maintain structure’s shape
tendon
connects muscle to bone
tendon sheath
fibrous sleeves that surround tendons where it is subject to pressure or friction
aponeurosis
broad, flat, tendinous sheet
linea alba
aponeurosis across mid abdomen attaching abdominal muscles from both sides together
bursea
small, padlike sacs reduce friction between moving parts
sagittal plane
passes through the body from front to back and divides body into right and left. Motions that occur upon this plane are flexion and extension. Frontal axis runs through
frontal plane
divides body into front and back, motions that occur upon this plane are abduction and adduction, sagittal axis runs through
coronal plane
frontal plane
transverse plane
divides body into top and bottom, rotation occurs on this plane. vertical axis runs through
horizontal plane
transverse plane
longitudinal axis
vertical axis
axis
points that run through the center of a joint around which a part rotates
plane
movement occurs in
axis
movement occurs around
degrees of freedom
number of planes in which a joint can move
dislocation
complete separation of the two articular surfaces of a joint. A portion of the joint capsule will be torn.
subluxation
a partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time
osteoarthritis
type of arthritis caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage
degenerative arthritis
osteoarthritis
sprains
partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers
strain
overstretching of muscle fibers
tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
synovitis
inflammation of a synovial membrane
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the tendon sheath
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
capsulitis
inflammation of the joint capsule
capsular pattern
pattern of lost extensibility and movement, happens when loss of motion is present
