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Kinesiology > Kinesiol;ogy 7 > Flashcards

Kinesiol;ogy 7 Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Circulatory System

1
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

includes the blood vessels (arteries and veins) and the heart, transports blood throughout the body, transports blood from the capillaries in the lungs to capillaries throughout the body, the heart is the pump that pushes blood through the arteries and veins, blood and lymph are the liquid mediums in which the materials are transported.

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2
Q

lymphatic system

A

linked directly to the circulatory system and immune system, is made up of lymph vessels and nodes, collects excess extracellular fluid as lymph and transports it from the periphery to the venous system, thereby helping the cardiovascular system maintain adequate blood volume and pressure. In addition, helps the immune system by filtering bacteria,viruses, waste products and other foreign matter and by producing specific antibodies that help the immune system fight infection and defend against invasion by foreign material

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3
Q

cardiovascular system

A

considered a closed system which operates two different and distinct loops - the pulmonary system and the systemic circuit

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4
Q

pulmonary system

A

transports oxygen-depleted blood from the body through the right side of the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. When blood reaches the lungs, carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen before returning to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary veins

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5
Q

systemic circuit

A

loops through the left side of the heart out to the rest of the body via the aorta and branching arteries and then to capillary beds where the oxygen in the blood is exchanged for carbon dioxide allowing the blood to be transported back to the right side of the heart through veins

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6
Q

heart

A

largely an involuntary muscle that provides the pumping force to move blood through the blood vessels

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7
Q

mediastinum

A

middle portion of the thoracic cavity, all of the chest organs, besides the lungs (not fully) are contained in the mediasternum

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8
Q

atria

A

two top chambers of the heart

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9
Q

ventricles

A

two lower chambers of the heart

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10
Q

valves

A

allow blood to flow in only one direction

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11
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

(AV) valves between atria and ventricles

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12
Q

semilunar valves

A

(SL) valves between ventricles and arteries leading out of the heart

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13
Q

tricuspid valve

A

valve between right atrium and ventricle, called tricuspid because of three flaps

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14
Q

bicuspid valve

A

valve between left atrium and ventricle, called bicuspid because of two flaps

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15
Q

mitral valve

A

another name for bicuspid valve, called so because it resembles the ceremonial headdress , consisting of two parts (miter) worn by bishops and certain other clergy

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16
Q

pulmonic/ pulmonary valve

A

SL Valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries leading to the lungs

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17
Q

aortic valve

A

SL valve between left ventricle and the aorta

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18
Q

superior and inferior vena cava

A

two veins returning blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart

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19
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

branches into right and left pulmonary arteries leading to the the right and left lungs

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20
Q

heart sounds

A

occur when heart valves close, (lub) first sound is AV valves closing, (dub) SL valves closing

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21
Q

cardiac cycle

A

series of mechanical events from and to right atrium

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22
Q

arteries

A

three layer vessels which transport blood away from heart

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23
Q

arterioles

A

smallest arteries

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24
Q

aorta

A

largest artery, directly after heart

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25
Q

veins

A

three layer vessels which transport blood back to the heart, larger ones contain valves, also greater diameter than arteries with thinner walls, less elastic than arteries, generally paired with arteries

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26
Q

venules

A

smallest veins

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27
Q

superior and inferior vena cava

A

largest veins

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28
Q

capillaries

A

one layer endothelial tubes forming the link between arteries and veins, all exchanges happen in capillaries

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29
Q

coronary arteries

A

branch off of aorta first

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30
Q

pulse

A

an important clinical feature of arteries, the throbbing that can be felt at various locations in the body, caused by contraction and expansion of an artery as a wave of blood passes a particular spot

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31
Q

radial artery

A

artery of wrist

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32
Q

carotid artery

A

artery of neck

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33
Q

dorsal pedis artery

A

artery atop ankle

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34
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure is highest during contracting phase, systole and lowest when ventricles relax and fill, diastole

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35
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

blood pressure cuff

36
Q

ascending aorta

A

leaves the left ventricle of the heart, passes upward and arches above the heart

37
Q

coronary arteries

A

immediately branch off of the ascending aorta are right and left coronary arteries which supply the heart muscle

38
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle

39
Q

coronary sinus

A

largest venous vessel of heart, receives blood from myocardium and empties directly into the right ventricle

40
Q

arch of aorta

A

contains three branches: first the brachiocephalic trunk, second is left carotid, third left subclavian

41
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A

major source for right side of head and right arm

42
Q

left carotid artery

A

major blood supply to left side of head

43
Q

left subclavian

A

major blood supply of left upper extremitiy

44
Q

descending aorta

A

branch after first three trunk off of aorta, turning downward

45
Q

lymphatic system

A

linked to cardiovascular system and immune sytem

46
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

collect fluid and proteins that have leaked out of the blood capillaries and return them to the venous system as lymph

47
Q

lymphatic organs

A

serve as staging areas for defense against infection from microbes and other foreign particles

48
Q

lymphatic system

A

a partially open system, moves fluid from the periphery system to the subclavian veins, begins as capillaries in the tissues and ends as ducts emptying into the subclavian vein, is a one way system from periphery to venous system

49
Q

function of lymphatic system

A

four functions 1) collect lymph from the bodies interstitial spaces, 2) filtering the lymph through lymph nodes, 3) detecting and fighting infections in the lymph nodes, and 4) returning the lymph to the blood stream

50
Q

lymph collection

A

lymphatic system collects the excess fluid left by blood capillaries and returns it to venous system, this maintains a vital role in maintaining normal blood volume and blood pressure

51
Q

interstitial spaces

A

tissue spaces, spaces between cells

52
Q

lymph capillaries

A

have one way valves

53
Q

lymph

A

interstitial fluid once inside lymph capillary

54
Q

Lymph

A

originates as plasma

55
Q

plasma

A

fluid portion of blood

56
Q

lymph capillaries

A

initial lymph vessels, a vasy network through out most of the body. Not found in central nervous system, bones, epidermis, certain types of cartilage, and any avascular tissue

57
Q

lymph vessels

A

as capillaries join together

58
Q

lymph vessels

A

wider than veins, have thinner walls and more valves, contain lymph nodes

59
Q

lymph node

A

kidney bean-shaped sac located at various places along lymph route

60
Q

angion

A

name of space between valves in lymphatic system, contain smooth muscle in the walls resulting in sequential contractions that are activated by nerves that encircle angions. The squeezing of surrounding skeletal muscles assists in movement

61
Q

sentinel node

A

first node in a group of lymph nodes

62
Q

afferent lymph vessel

A

lymph enters nodes through

63
Q

efferent lymph vessel

A

lymph exits nodes through

64
Q

damaged lymph node

A

can not regenerate

65
Q

lymphatic system

A

drainage, not circulation

66
Q

regional nodes

A

3 main: cervical (neck), axillary (upper extremity), and inguinal (lower extremity), loated at junctions between extremities and trunk

67
Q

watersheds

A

separate the areas of lymph drainage

68
Q

hemorrhage

A

break in blood vessel allowing blood to leak out of closed system

69
Q

cerebral hemorrhage

A

hemorrhage occurring within the confines of the skull

70
Q

stroke

A

blood leakage, forced out of broken vessel

71
Q

Epidural

A

bleeds occur in arteries

72
Q

subdural

A

bleeds occur in veins

73
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

a condition where the heart can’t pump strongly enough to push an adequate supply of blood out to various parts of the body

74
Q

heart murmur

A

an extra, or unusual heart sound in addition to the normal lub-dub sounds heard during heart contraction. A whooshing sound that is sometimes heard is usually turbulent backflow, could be normal, or shows that blood is flowing in the wrong direction

75
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of arteries,a condition that slows blood flow, it is especially a problem in the legs and feet

76
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a type of arteriosclerosis, is when fatty deposits in walls of the arteries cause narrowing, or blockage

77
Q

ischemia

A

a deficient supply of blood to a body part that is due to an obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood, as by narrowing of arteries by spasm, or disease

78
Q

angina

A

pain

79
Q

occulsion

A

To close, obstruct, or prevent the passage

80
Q

vericose veins

A

occur as the blood pools in the vbeins, enlarging it

81
Q

phlebitis

A

an inflammation of a vein

82
Q

thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clkot that may partially, or totally block a blood vessel(artery or vein)

83
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

often shortened to phlebitis, when clot forms causing an inflammation of the vein

84
Q

Embolism

A

a blood clot that becomes dislodged and travels to another part of the body until becoming wedged, causing an obstruction

85
Q

anuerysm

A

abnormal outward bulging or ballooning that is oftn caused by a weakened area in the wall, may go undetected until ruptures.e

86
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

a group oif disorders involving compression of the brachial plexus and/or the subclavian artery and vein within the space called the thoracic outlet. Various vascular, neurological, and muscular symptoms may result

87
Q

lymphedema

A

abnormal drainage resulting in accumulation of excess lymph and swelling. Most commonly involves arms and legs. Treatment of lymphedema is often based on the patterns of lymph damage.

Kinesiology (15 decks)

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