Kinesiolody 11 Flashcards
Elbow Joint
elbow joint
articulation of the humerus with the ulna and radius
uniaxial (hinge) joint
allows only flexion and extension, one plane and one axis
radioulnar (pivott) joint
articulation between the ulna and the radius, occurs at both proximal and distal ends of the forearm, uniaxial, allows only pronation or supination on transverse plane around vertical axis
proximal radioulnar joint
head of radius pivots within the radial notch of ulna
distal radioulnar joint
distal end of radius rotates around the distal end of the ulna
elbow function
to shorten, or lengthen the upper extremity and to place the hand in space
carrying angle
the anatomical position, in the longitudinal axes of the humerus and the forearm from the anatomical position
occurance of carrying angle
because distal end of humerus is not level. The medial side (trochlea) is lower than the lateral side (capitulum)
elbow flexion end feel
soft, because of muscle bulk of the arm and forearm compressing together to limit further motion
elbow extension end feel
boney, bone-to-bone contact, olecranon process of ulna moves into olecranon fossa of humerus
supination forearm end feel
firm, not quite as distinct because of muscle and ligament tension
pronation forearm end feel
boney, due to the boney contact between the ulna and radius
open chain activity of fore arm
both the joint surfaces glide on the humerus in the same direction as the motion of the forarm
Scapula Infraglenoid Tubercle
raised portion on the interior lip of the glenoid fossa that provides attachment of the long head of thee triceps muscle
Scapula Supraglenoid Tubercle
Raised portion on the superior lip of the glenoid fossa that provides attachment for the long head of the biceps muscle
Scapula Coracoid Process
Projection on the anterior surface that provides the attachment for the short head of the biceps muscle
Humurus Spiral Groove
groove that the radial nerve runs through as it spirals around the midhumerus
Humerus Trochlea
located on the medial side of the distal end; articulates with the ulna
humerus capitulum
on the lateral side, next to the trochlea, articulates with head of radius
humerus medial epicondyle
located on the medial side of the distal end, above the trochlea, larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle, provides attachment for the pronator teres muscle
hemerus lateral epicondyle
located on lateral side of the distal end, above the capitulum, provides attachment for the anconeus and the supinator muscles
humerus lateral supracondyle ridge
located above the lateral epicondyle, provides attachment for the brachioradialis muscle
humerus olecranon process
located on the posterior surface between the medial and lateral epicondyles, articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna
medial bone of forearm
ulna
ulna olecranon process
located at the proximal end on the posterior surface, forms prominent point of elbow, provides attachment for triceps muscle
ulna trochlear notch
semilunar notch, articulates with the trochlea of humerus, makes up the anterior surface at the proximal end
ulna coronoid process
located just below the trochlear notch with the ulnar tuberosity, provides attachment for brachialis muscle
ulna radial notch
located at the proximal end on the lateral side, just distal to the trochlear notch, articulation point for the head of the radius
ulnar tuberosity
located below the coronoid process, provides attachment for the brachialis muscle
ulna styloid process
at the distal end, on the posterior medial surface
ulna head
distal end, lateral surface, unlar notch of radius pivots around during pronation and supination
lateral bone of forearm
radius
radius head
proximal end, has cylinder shape with depression in the superior surface where it articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
Radial Tuberosity
Located on medial side, near proximal end, provides attachment for biceps muscle
styloid process
located posterior lateral at distal end, provides attachment for the brachioradialis muscle
three ligaments of elbow
medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, angular ligament
medial collateral ligament of elbow
triangular, spans the medial side of elbow. attaches on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and runs obliquely to the medial sides of the coronoid process and the onlecranon proces of the ulna
elbow lateral collateral ligament
triangular, attaches proximally on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and distally on the angular ligament and lateral side of the ulna
elbow angular ligament
attaches anteriorly and posteriorly to the radial notch of the ulna encompassing the radial head of the radius holding it against ulna
elbow joint capsule
attaches around the distal end of the humerus and encompasses the trochlea and capitulum and the fossas located above. Attaches aroundthe, proximal end of ulna under the radial notch and coronoid process, and around trochlear notch onto just around an under the head of the radius
interosseous membrane
assists in holding together the radioulnar articulation, located between the ulna and the radius, keeps the two bones from separating and provides more surface area for attachment of the forearm and wrist muscles.
line of pull of a muscle
will play in the major role in determining the action of the muscle
brachialis muscle
lies deep to biceps
O - Distal half of humerus, anterior surface
I - Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of ulna
A - elbow flexion
biceps brachii muscle
has two heads (long head & short head), anterior aspect of arm, common name biceps
O - long head : supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head : coracoid process of scapula
I - radial tuberosity of radius
A - Elbox flexion, forearm supination
brachioradialis muscle
assistive role in pronation and supination to midpoint of 90 degrees
O - lateral supracondyle ridge on humerus
I - styloid process of radius
A - Elbow flexion
triceps brachii muscle
commonly called triceps, has three heads, located posteriorly
O - long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: inferior to greater tubercle of posterior humerus
medial head: posterior surface of humerus
I - olecranon of ulna
A - elbow extension
anconeus muscle
O - lateral epicondyle of humerus
I - lateral and inferior to olecranon process of ulna
A- not a prime mover in any joint action, assists in elbow flexion
pronator teres muscle
O - medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
I - lateral aspect of radius at its midpoint
A - forearm pronation, assistive in elbow flexion
pronator quadratus muscle
O - distal one fourth of ulna
I - distal one fourth of radius
A- forearm pronation
supinator muscle
deep muscle that wraps around the elbow joint laterally from the posterior surface to the anterior surface
O - lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna
I - anterior surface of the proximal radius
A - forearm supination
tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis
lateral epicondylitis
common overuse condition that effects the common extensor (anconeus). tendon where it inserts on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The extensor capri radialis brevis is particularly effected.
golfer’s elbow
medial epicondylitits
medial epicondylitis
inflammation of a common flexor tendon that inserts on the medial epicondyle (pronator teres)
little league elbow
overuse injury of the medial epicondyle, usually caused by repetitive throwing, youngsters whom have not reached skeletal maturity
nuresmaid’s elbow
pulled elbow
pulled elbow
usually seen in younger children under the age of 5 whom have experience a strong traction force of the arm, force causes the radial head to sublux out from under the annular ligament
elbow dislocation
caused when a great deal of force is applied to elbow that is in a slightly flexed position, causes ulna to slide posterior to humerus
supracondylar fractures
among most common fractures in children and are caused by falling on an outstretched hand. The distal end of humerus fractures just above the condyles
Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
danger of both supracondyle fracture and elbow dislocation, potential damage to the brachial artery
ulnar nerve compression
pain from ‘hitting the funny bone’ of elbow
