Kinesiology 2 Flashcards
Chapter 2
axial skeleton
forms the upright form of the body. It consists of the 80 bones of the head thorax and trunk
appendicular skeleton
attaches to axial skeleton and consist of 126 bones of the extremities
compact bone
makes up the hard, dense outer layer of all bones
cancellous bone
the porous and spongy inside portion made up of thin columns and plates called trabeculae filled with marrow
epiphysis
the area at the end of each long bone. it tends to be wider than the shaft
eppphseal plate
epiphysis in growing bone, cartilaginous material, longitudinal growth occurs here
pressure epiphysis
located at the ends of long bones, where they receive pressure from the opposing bone making up the joint. This is where growth of long bones occurs.
traction epiphysis
location where tendons attach to bones and are subject to puling, or traction, force.
diaphysis
main shaft of bone
medullary canal
center of diaphysis, hollow, contains marrow and provides passage for nutrient arteries
endosteum
membrane that line the medullary canal
osteoclast
in endosteum, mainly responsible for bone reabsorption
metaphysis
flared part of the bone that serves as a transition from the end of each diaphysis to each epiphysis
periosteum
the thin fibrous membrane covering all bone except the articular surfaces
long bones
bone named so because of its length is greater than its width
short bones
bone that tends to have equal dimensions of height, length, and width, giving them a cubed shape
flat bones
bones that have a very broad surface but are not very thick. They tend to have a curved surface rather than a flat one
irregular bones
as the name implies these bones have a variety of mixed shapes that do not fit into another category
sesamoid bones
resemble the shape of sesame seeds, are small bones located where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the extremities
fracture
broken bone
foraman
hole through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
fossa
hollow or depression
groove
ditchlike groove containing a tendon or blood vessel
meatus
canal or tubelike opening in a bone
sinus
air-filled cavity with a bone
condyle
rounded, knucklelike projection
eminence
projecting, prominent part of bone
facet
flat or shallow articular surface
head
rounded articular projection beyond a narrow, necklike portion of bone
crest
sharp ridge or border
epicondyle
prominence above or on a condyle
line
less prominent edge
spine
long, thin projection(spinous process)
tubercle
small, rounded projection
tuberosity
large, rounded projection
trochanter
very large prominence for muscle attachment
osteoporosis
a condition characterized by loss of normal bone density, or bone mass
osteopenia
also a condition of reduced bone mass, though not as severe as osteoporosis
osteomyelitis
an infection of bone usually caused by bacteria
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
blood supply is interupted to the femoral head, causing necrosis of the bone, at the pressure epiphysis of growing children
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
when the head of femur becomes displaced due to a separation at the growth plate
Osgood-Schlatter disease
occurs at traction epiphysis in the tibial tuberosity, usually only occurs during bone growth years
