Kinesiology 10 Flashcards
Shoulder Joint
shoulder joint
a ball-and-socket joint with movement in all three planes and around all three axes.
four groups of motion possible at shoulder joint
1) flexion, extension, and hyperextension 2) abduction and adduction, 3) medial and lateral rotation, 4) horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction.
felexion, extension, and hyper extension
happen around sagittal plane, frontal axis. Flexion is 180 degrees, extension is return to anatomical position, hyperextension is approximately 45 degrees from the anatomical position
Abduction and adduction
occur on the frontal plane around the sagittal axis with 180 degrees od motion possible
medial and lateral rotation
occur on the transverse plane around the vertical axis. from a neutral position is is possible to move 90 degrees in each direction
horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction
occur in the transverse plane around the vertical axis. from arbitrary starting position of 90 degrees of shoulder abducion there would be approximately 30 degrees of horizontal abduction(backward motion and approximately 120 degrees of horizontal adduction (forward motion)
shoulder joint normal end feel
for all shoulder joint motions normal end feel is firm
glenohumeral joint
convex humeral head moves with concave glenoid fossa
convex-concave rule with glenohumeral joint
convex joint surface (humeral head) moves opposite distal end
the greatest amount of arthrokinetic motion
happens when the glenohumeral joint is in the open packed position of 55 degrees abduction and 30 degrees horizontal adduction
glenoid fossa
A shallow, somewhat egg-shaped socket on the superior end, lateral side, articulates with humerus
genoid labrum
fibrocartilaginous ring, attached to the rim of the glenoid fossa, which deepens the articular cavity
subscapular fossa
includes most of the area on the anterior (costal) urface, providing attachment for the subscapularis muscle
infraspinossa fossa
below the spine, providing attachment for the infraspinatus muscle
supraspinous fossa
above the spine , providing attachment for the supraspinatus muscle
axillary border
providing attachment for the teres major and teres minor muscless
acromium process
broad, flat area on the superior lateral aspect, providing attachment for the middle deltiod muscle
humerus
longest bone of upper extremity
head of humerus
semiround proximal end, articulates with scapula
surgical neck
slightly constricted area just below the tubercules where the head meets the body
anatomical neck
circumferential groove separating the head from the tubercule
shaft
or ‘body’, the area between the surgical neck and the wider distal end
greater tubercule
large projection lateral to head and lessr tubercule; provides attachment for thee superspinatus , infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles
lesser tubercule
smaller portion of the anterior surface, medial to the greater tubercule; provides attachment for the subscapularis muscle
deltiod tuberosity
on the lateral side of the midpoint of the shaft, not usually a well defined landmark
bicipital groove
also called the ‘intertubercular groove’, the longitudinal groove between the tubercules, containing the tendon of the long head of the biceps
bicipital ridges
Also called lateral and medial lips of the bicipital roove, or the crests of the greater and lesser tubercules, respectiviely. The latera; lip (crest of the greater tubercule) provides attachment for the pectoralis major and the medial lip (crest of the lesser tabercule) provides attachment for the latissimus dorsi and teres major
joint capsule
a thin-walled, spacious container that attaches around the rim of the Glenoid fossa of the scapula and the anatomical neck of the humerus
rotator cuff
a tendinous band formed by the blending of the tendinous insertions of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and the teres minor muscle.
thoracolumbar fascia
lumbar aponeurosis, is a superficial fibrous sheet that attaches to the spinous process of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, the supraspinal ligament, and the posterior part of the iliac creat, covering the sacrospinalis muscle
the muscles that span the shoulder joint
deltiod, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii (long head)
deltiod muscle
is a superficial muscle that covers the shoulder joint on three sides, giving the shoulder its characteristic round shape. The name deltiod describes its triangular shape
anerior deltiod
attaches to the outer third of the clavicle
middle deltiod muscle
attaches on the lateral side of the acromium process
posterior deltiod muscle
attaches to the spine of the scapula
pectoralis major muscle
large muscle of the chest
latissimus dorsi muscle
a broad sheetlike muscle located on the back
teres major muscle
proximal attachment on the axillary border of the scapula
supraspinatus muscle
originates above the spine of the scapula in the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula
infraspinatus muscle
lies below the spine of the scapula in the infraspinatous fossa
teres minor muscle
closely related to the infraspinatus muscle in both anatomical location and function
subscapularis muscle
gets its name from its location, it is located deep on the underside of the scapula, lying next to the rib cage
sits muscles
muscles of rotator cuff, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, ans subscapularis
coracobrachialis muscle
derives name from attachment on the coracoid process of the scapula and on the humerus
biceps muscle
name originates by two heads on the scapula, crosses the shoulder and elbow joints to insert on the radius.assistive mover at shoulder joint
triceps muscle
has three heads, but only long head crosses the shoulder joint, assistive mover at shoulder joint
shoulder girdle muscles
originate on the trunk and insert on the scapula, causing either movement or stabilization of the scapula
shoulder joint muscles
tend to originate on the scapula, or trunk and insert on the humerus, or forearm causing movement of the shoulder joint.
humeral head fracture
usually caused by fall on the outstretched hand
midhumeral fracture
usually caused by a direct blow, or twisting
radial nerve injury
spiral fractures in the humeral area increase risk of
pathological fractures of humerus
may be caused by benign tumors or metastatic carcinoma from primary sites such as lung, breast, kidney, or prostate
shoulder dislocation
one of the most common sites, anterior shoulder dislocations
shoulder anterior dislocating motion
a forced shoulder abduction and lateral rotation cause the humeral head to slide anteriorly out of the glenoid fossa
glenohumeral subluxation
commonly seen in individuals who have hemiplegia, usually from a cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
impingement syndrom
an overuse condition that involves compression between the acromial arch, the humeral head, and soft tissue structures. These soft tissues include the coracoacromial ligament, rotator cuff muscles, long head of the biceps, and subacromial bursa.
swimmer’s shoulder
a type of impingement common with swimmers specializing in freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke
adhesive capsulitis
refers to the inflammation of the fibrosis of the shoulder joint capsule, which leads to pain and loss of shoulder range of motion.
adhesive capsulitis
also known as frozen shoulder
torn rotator cuff
involves the distal tendinous insertion of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis on the greater/lesser tubercule area of the humerus
labral tear
involves damage to the glenoid labrum, it can have a degenerative or traumatic etiology and results in pain and limited motion in the shoulder joint.
inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon
can lead to an accumulation of mineral deposits and result in calcific tendonitis, which may be asymptomatic or quite painful
bicipital tendonitis
usually involves the long head of the biceps proximally as it crosses the humeral head, changes direction, and descends into the bicipital groove.A rupture of the biceps long head tendon commonly occurs during repetitive or forceful overhead positions
subluxing of the bicipital tendon
overloading the muscle in an abducted and laterally rotated position tends to be the force subluxing the tendon out of the bicipital groove.
