Kidney, suprarenal gland & Ureter Flashcards

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1
Q

Kidney is located opposite —- Vertebrae

A

T12-L3 vertebrae

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2
Q

Right kidney reach up to —— meanwhile left kidney reaches up to ——, therefore left kidney is higher than right kidney by —- inch

A
  • 11th intercostal space
  • 11th rib
  • 1/2 an inch
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3
Q

Long axis of the kidney is directed upwards, backward & medial; therefore—–

A

upper poles of the 2 kidneys are closer to each other than the lower poles

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4
Q

Dimentions of the kidney

A

4,2,1
* 4 inches long
* 2 inches wide
* 1 inch thick

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5
Q

Site of the hilum of kidney

A

lies at the Transpyloric plane (L1):
* transpyloric plane crosses lower part of left hilum of left kidney
* transpyloric plane crosses upper part of right hilum of kidney

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6
Q

hilum leads to space inside called

A

renal sinus

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7
Q

Contents of Hilum of kidney

A

VAP (from anterior to posterior):
* Renal Vein (most Ant.)
* Renal Artery (middle)
* Pelvis of ureter (most post.)

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8
Q

Posterior relations of the kidney

A

Same for both kidneys (4 muscles & 4 neuromuscular structures between them and the muscles):
* Diaphragm (medial & lateral Arcuate ligaments): seperates Kidney from costodiaphragmatic recess of pleura, 11th&12th ribs at left kidney, 12th rib at right kidney
* Psoas major: close to medial border of kidney
* Transversus abdominus: close to lateral border of kidney
* Quadratus lumborum: area between transversus abdominis & Psoas Major

4 Neurovascular Structures between kidney & muscles:
* Ilioinguinal N
* Iliohypogastric N
* Subcostal N
* Subcostal vessels

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9
Q

Medial & lateral Arcute ligaments/ Diaphragm seperates kidney from

A
  • Both kidneys: seperates them from Costodiaphragmatic recess of pleura

+
* Left kidney: from 11th & 12th rib
* Right kidney; from 12th Rib

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10
Q

Anterior relations of Right kidney

A

5 parts of kidney + Ascending br. of right Colic A
* Right Suprarenal gland (upper medial part)
* 2nd part of Duodenum (close to hilum)
* Right lobe of liver (upper lateral part)
* Loops of Jejunum (lower medial part)
* Right colic flexure (lower lateral part)
* Ascending branch of right Colic A (ascends in front of lower end of kidney to reach right Colic Flexure)

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11
Q

Anterior Branches of Left Kidney

A

*6 part of left kidney + Ascending br. of Sup. left Colic A *
* Left suprarenal Gland (upper medial part)
* Spleen (upper lateral part)
* Body of pancreas & splenic Vessels (quadrilateral area in the middle 1/3)
* Stomach (in a triangular area bounded by suprarenal gland, spleen & Pancreas)
* Jejunum (lower medial Part)
* End of Transverse colon & beginning of descending colon (lower lateral)
* Ascending branch of Sup. left Colic A

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12
Q

Describe peritoneal Relations of Right Kidney

A

Right Kidney is Anteriorly Covered by Peritoneum at:
* Hepatic Area (upper lateral Part)
* jujenal Area (lower medial)

The rest of the areas (duodenal, right Colic, right Suprarenal) are not Covered

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13
Q

Describe peritoneal Relations of Left Kidney

A

Left Kidney is Anteriorly Covered by peritoneum at:
* Splenic Area (upper lateral part)
* Gastric Area (quadrilateral part in the middle)
* jujenal Area (lower medial Part)

the rest of the Areas ( left suprarenal, Pancreatic, Colic ) are not covered

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14
Q

Enumerate & describe coverings of Kidney from within outwards

A
  1. Renal (true fibrous) Capsule: Closely surrounds kidney & can be stripped off, Continues over renal sinus
  2. Perirenal fat
  3. Renal Fascia (Zukercandle’s fascia):
    * Arises from Fascia transversalis
    * encloses suprarenal gland by fusing above
    * remains seperate below
  4. Pararenal Fat: Condensed retroperitoneal fat Surrounding renal fascia
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15
Q

origin of Renal Artery

A

from Abdominal Aorta opposite upper border of L2 Vertebra

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16
Q

Compare between Left renal Artery & RIght Renal Artery

A
  • Left renal Artery is shorter than Right renal A
  • Left Renal Artery lies behind only its Vein (left renal Vein), Right renal Artery lies behind left renal Vein, IVC, right Renal Vein (veino w Vein ely 8eiro)
17
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Kidney

A

Hilar Lymph node (around Renal A), the to Para-Aortic Lymph node

18
Q

Nerve supply of Kidney

A

Sympa & parasympa from Renal Plexus around renal A, derived from Celiac Plexus

19
Q

Describe surface anatomy of kidney projected at posterior abdominal wall (Morris’ parallelogram)

A
  • upper Horizontal line: T11
  • Lower Horizontal Line: L3
  • Medial Vertical Line: 1 inch from median Plane
  • Lateral vertical Line: 3 inches from Median Plane

Hilum: 2 inches from midline opposite L1 (transpyloric plane)

20
Q

Surface Anatomy of Kidney projected from Anterior abdominal wall

A
  • upper end: 1 inch from midline
  • Hilum: 2 inches from midline
  • Lower end: 3 inches from midline
21
Q

Shape of Suprarenal Gland

A
  • Right Suprarenal Gland: triangular
  • Left suprarenal gland: semilunar
22
Q

Site of Suprarenal gland

A
  • Right Suprarenal gland: on upper pole of right kideny without reaching hilum
  • Left Suprarenal gland: on upper pole of left kidney but part of it reaches hilum
23
Q

Direction of Hilum of Suprarenal gland

A
  • Right Suprarenal gland: hilum directed upwards
  • Left suprarenal gland: hilum directed downwards
24
Q

Anterior relations of Suprarenal gland

A
  • Right Suprarenal gland: IVC, bare area of right lobe of liver
  • Left Suprarenal gland: Stomach & lesser sac
25
Q

Posterior relations of Suprarenal gland

A

Crus of Diaphragm

26
Q

Medial relations Suprarenal gland

A

Coeliac ganglion

27
Q

Peritoneal Covering of suprarenal gland

A
  • Right Suprarenal gland: bare superior, covered inferior
  • Left Suprarenal gland: bare Inferior, covered superior
28
Q

Venous Drainage of Suprarenal gland

A

Right Suprarenal gland: right Suprarenal Vein (draining into IVC)

Left Suprarenal gland: left Suprarenal Vein (draining into left Renal V)

29
Q

Arterial Supply of Suprarenal gland

A
  • Superior Suprarenal A: from phrenic A
  • Middle Suprarenal A: from Aorta
  • Inferior Suprarenal A: from Renal A