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Kidney Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

not caused by inflammatory process
- hypoxic injury + nephrotoxic injury

A

nephrosis

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2
Q

multinodular lymphocytic reaction to chronic or recurrent inflammation

A

lymphofollicular inflammation

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3
Q

what bacteria can cause lymphofollicular inflammation

A

leptospirosis

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4
Q

fibroblasts within the interstitium to produce scar tissue

A

fibrosis

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5
Q

lymphoplasmacytic
may be subclinical with no renal signs

A

interstitial nephritis

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6
Q

what diseases can cause interstitial nephritis

A

canine ehrlichiosis
leptospirosis
equine infectious anemia

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7
Q

viruses that can cause tubulointerstitial nephritis

A

leptospira
adenovirus
lentivirus
herpesvirus

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8
Q

5 developmental anomalies

A

renal aplasia/dysplasia
ectopic kidney
fused kidney
renal cysts
polycystic kidney (disease)

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9
Q

which developmental anomaly is normal an incidental finding

A

renal cysts

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10
Q

which developmental anomaly is common in persian cats + bull terriers

A

polycystic kidney disease

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11
Q

which developmental anomaly is common in lhasa apso, shih tzu and golden retriever

A

juvenile progressive nephropathy

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12
Q

associated with persistent infections or other causes of prolonged antigenemia that enhances the formation of abundant soluble immune complexes

A

immune complex glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

diseases associated with ICGN in cats

A

FeLV
FIV
FIP
neoplasia

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14
Q

diseases associated with ICGN in horses

A

streptococcus
equine infectious anemia

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15
Q

diseases associated with ICGN in cattle

A

BVD
trypanosomiasis

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16
Q

a condition of aging and chronic renal injury characterized by increased extracellular mesangial matrix leading to obliteration of capillaries and consolidation of the tuft

A

glomerulosclerosis

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17
Q

what is glomerulosclerosis associated with

A

high blood pressure
unrestricted dietary protein

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18
Q

associated with reactive systemic amyloidosis that occurs with chronic inflammatory diseases

A

glomerular amyloidosis

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19
Q

common breeds with glomerular amyloidosis

A

abyssinian cats
chinese shar-pei dogs

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20
Q

describe the kidneys with glomerular amyloidosis

A

enlarged
pale w/ waxy smooth to finely granular capsular surface

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21
Q

the result of bacteremia in which bacterial emboli are lodged within glomerular capillaries causing multiple, random distributed foci of suppurative inflammation

A

acute suppurative glomerulitis

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22
Q

direct injury to the glomerulus by a virus (rare)

A

viral glomerulitis

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23
Q

causes direct injury to glomerular endothelial and/or epithelial cells

A

chemical glomerulitis

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24
Q

2 inherited abnormalities in renal tubular function

A

primary renal glucosuria
basenji dog fanconi syndrome

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25
most important cause of acute renal failure in animals
acute tubular necrosis
26
most common causes of acute tubular necrosis
nephrotoxicity ischemia
27
caused by increased serum concentration of hemoglobin which results in hemoglobinuria when the renal threshold for resorption is exceeded
hemoglobinuric nephrosis
28
red maple toxicity in horses
hemoglobinuric nephropathy
29
similar concept as with hemoglobinuric nephrosis but occurs with high serum concentration of myoglobin
myoglobinuric nephrosis
30
causes of myoglobinuric nephrosis
exertional myopathy in horses capture myopathy in wild animals severe muscle trauma
31
can cause direct injury to tubular epithelial cell membranes and mitochondria important wildlife disease
heavy metals
32
histological changes of heavy metal toxicity
tubular necrosis degeneration intranuclear inclusion bodies
33
effects of pharmaceutical agents
cause acute tubular necrosis when administered at excessive doses or too frequently
34
NSAID effects in the horse
renal papillary necrosis
35
produced by aspergillus (aflatoxin) and penicillium of fungi
mycotoxins
36
common feed contaminant
aflatoxin
37
plant toxin causing acute tubular necrosis and perirenal edema in pigs and cattle
pigweed
38
plant toxin causing oxalate nephrosis
oxalate-rich plants
39
plant toxin caused by ingestion by dogs can lead to acute renal failure and uremia accompanied by vomiting, lethargy, anorexia and diarrhea
grapes and raisins
40
plant toxin causing acute renal failure by ingestion in cats
lillies
41
plant toxicity caused by ingestion from the pasture or feed in the ruminants and horses causing acute tubular necrosis
oak toxicity
42
ingestion results in many nephrotoxic metabolites, including oxalate and glycolic acid causing oxalate nephrosis and renal failure in cats and dogs
ethylene glycol
43
food additive causing distal tubular necrosis with characteristic irregular brown birefringent crystals
melamine and cyanuric acid
44
caused by ingestion of calciferol-containing rodenticides in cats and dogs
vitamin D toxicosis
45
vitamin D toxicosis leads to ...
hypercalcemia metastatic mineralization
46
typically a disease of small ruminants caused by bacterial toxins causing acute tubular necrosis
pulpy kidney disease
47
bacteria associated with pulpy kidney disease
clostridium perferingens type D
48
causes bilateral acute tubular degeneration and necrosis with interstitial edema and hemorrhage
bacterial toxins
49
dilation of the renal pelvis due to obstruction of urine outflow can lead to death due to uremia and hyperkalemia
hydronephrosis
50
ascending bacterial infection leads to infection of the renal pelvis with extension to the renal tubules and the expansion of the renal pelvis by purulent exudate
pyelonephritis
51
ischemic injury caused by NSAIDs commonly in horses
papillary necrosis
52
cats inherited hyperlipoproteinemia have these
xanthogranulomas
53
xanthogranuloma lesions are similar to dogs with what disease
hypothyroidism severe atherosclerosis
54
higher prevelance in abyssinian cats with medullary interstitial fibrosis
renal interstitial amyliodosis
55
most common epithelial tumor in the urinary bladder
transitional cell papilloma and carcinoma
56
most common primary renal neoplasm of the kidney in older dogs
renal carcinoma
57
breed with higher disposition to renal carcinoma
german shepherd
58
embryonal tumors common in pigs, chickens, some fish
nephroblastoma
59
5 lower urinary tract developmental anomalies
aplasia hypoplasia ectopic ureters patent urachus urinary bladder diverticulum
60
lack of formation of a recognizable ureter
aplasia of the lower urinary tract
61
smaller than normal ureter with reduced diameter
hypoplasia
62
ureters empty in the wrong place
ectopic ureters
63
most common malformation of the urinary bladder
patent urachus
64
pathogenesis of patent urachus
fetal urachus fails to close and involute completely which forms a channel between the bladder's apex and the umbilicus
65
result of patent urachus
allows urine to dribble from umbilicus
66
species most commonly affected by patent urachus
foals
67
outpocketing of the bladder wall
urinary bladder diverticulum
68
dilation of the ureter and urethra caused by urine outflow obstruction
hydroureter and hydrourethra
69
clinical signs of hydroureter and hydrourethra
urinary obstruction (post renal azotemia, pain, hyperkalemia)
70
occurs due to an increase in the precipitation of stone-forming salts resulting in urinary calculi formation
urolithiasis
71
toxic causes of cystitis
cantharidin toxicosis bracken fern toxicosis
72
most common tumor in older dogs in the lower urinary tract
transitional cell carcinoma
73
causes systemic infection with bacterial emboli and microabscessation in many organs including the kidney commonly in neonatal foals by contaminated umbilicus
actinobacillus equuli - bacterial embolic nephritis
74
acute muscle necrosis leads to severe myoglobinemia
myoglobinuric nephrosis
75
protozoon parasite with various stages of development in the kidneys of a horse
klossiella equi infection
76
results from ingestion of blister beetles which can contaminate alfalfa hay causing acute cystitis due to accumulation of cantharidin toxin in urine
cantharidin toxicosis
77
ingestion of leaves, buds or acorns of a certain trea and shrubs causing renal tubular necrosis causing swollen pale kidneys with damaged tubules that can fill with blood resulting in multifocal red spots in ruminants
oak toxicity
78
caused by enteric overgrowth of clostridium perfringens type D frequently occuring with increased carbohydrate in the intestine causing proximal tubular degeneration and necrosis with interstitial edema and hemorrhage in ruminants
pulpy kidney disease
79
occurs when bacteria embolize the kidney leading to microabscess and abscess formation in ruminants
white spotted kidney
80
infection caused direct damage to endothelium, tubules and interstitium in ruminants caused by leptospira, servars hardjo, pomona and gripptophosa
tubulointerstitial nephritis
81
ingestion of a legume from pasture/hay resulting in multifocal eosinophilic to granulomatous lesion within the kidney
granulomatous nephritis hairy vetch toxicosis
82
uncommonly seen in cattle but caused by ascending infections resulting in accumulation of suppurative exudate within the renal pelvis which may extend into tubuels
pyelonephritis
83
most common toxicosis in cattle causing intermitten hematuria, anemia, weakness, hemorrhages, concurrent infections and is usually fatal
bracken fern toxicosis

Pathology (18 decks)

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