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Pathology > Kidney Diseases > Flashcards

Kidney Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

not caused by inflammatory process
- hypoxic injury + nephrotoxic injury

A

nephrosis

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2
Q

multinodular lymphocytic reaction to chronic or recurrent inflammation

A

lymphofollicular inflammation

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3
Q

what bacteria can cause lymphofollicular inflammation

A

leptospirosis

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4
Q

fibroblasts within the interstitium to produce scar tissue

A

fibrosis

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5
Q

lymphoplasmacytic
may be subclinical with no renal signs

A

interstitial nephritis

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6
Q

what diseases can cause interstitial nephritis

A

canine ehrlichiosis
leptospirosis
equine infectious anemia

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7
Q

viruses that can cause tubulointerstitial nephritis

A

leptospira
adenovirus
lentivirus
herpesvirus

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8
Q

5 developmental anomalies

A

renal aplasia/dysplasia
ectopic kidney
fused kidney
renal cysts
polycystic kidney (disease)

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9
Q

which developmental anomaly is normal an incidental finding

A

renal cysts

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10
Q

which developmental anomaly is common in persian cats + bull terriers

A

polycystic kidney disease

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11
Q

which developmental anomaly is common in lhasa apso, shih tzu and golden retriever

A

juvenile progressive nephropathy

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12
Q

associated with persistent infections or other causes of prolonged antigenemia that enhances the formation of abundant soluble immune complexes

A

immune complex glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

diseases associated with ICGN in cats

A

FeLV
FIV
FIP
neoplasia

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14
Q

diseases associated with ICGN in horses

A

streptococcus
equine infectious anemia

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15
Q

diseases associated with ICGN in cattle

A

BVD
trypanosomiasis

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16
Q

a condition of aging and chronic renal injury characterized by increased extracellular mesangial matrix leading to obliteration of capillaries and consolidation of the tuft

A

glomerulosclerosis

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17
Q

what is glomerulosclerosis associated with

A

high blood pressure
unrestricted dietary protein

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18
Q

associated with reactive systemic amyloidosis that occurs with chronic inflammatory diseases

A

glomerular amyloidosis

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19
Q

common breeds with glomerular amyloidosis

A

abyssinian cats
chinese shar-pei dogs

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20
Q

describe the kidneys with glomerular amyloidosis

A

enlarged
pale w/ waxy smooth to finely granular capsular surface

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21
Q

the result of bacteremia in which bacterial emboli are lodged within glomerular capillaries causing multiple, random distributed foci of suppurative inflammation

A

acute suppurative glomerulitis

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22
Q

direct injury to the glomerulus by a virus (rare)

A

viral glomerulitis

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23
Q

causes direct injury to glomerular endothelial and/or epithelial cells

A

chemical glomerulitis

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24
Q

2 inherited abnormalities in renal tubular function

A

primary renal glucosuria
basenji dog fanconi syndrome

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25
Q

most important cause of acute renal failure in animals

A

acute tubular necrosis

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26
Q

most common causes of acute tubular necrosis

A

nephrotoxicity
ischemia

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27
Q

caused by increased serum concentration of hemoglobin which results in hemoglobinuria when the renal threshold for resorption is exceeded

A

hemoglobinuric nephrosis

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28
Q

red maple toxicity in horses

A

hemoglobinuric nephropathy

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29
Q

similar concept as with hemoglobinuric nephrosis but occurs with high serum concentration of myoglobin

A

myoglobinuric nephrosis

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30
Q

causes of myoglobinuric nephrosis

A

exertional myopathy in horses
capture myopathy in wild animals
severe muscle trauma

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31
Q

can cause direct injury to tubular epithelial cell membranes and mitochondria important wildlife disease

A

heavy metals

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32
Q

histological changes of heavy metal toxicity

A

tubular necrosis
degeneration
intranuclear inclusion bodies

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33
Q

effects of pharmaceutical agents

A

cause acute tubular necrosis when administered at excessive doses or too frequently

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34
Q

NSAID effects in the horse

A

renal papillary necrosis

35
Q

produced by aspergillus (aflatoxin) and penicillium of fungi

A

mycotoxins

36
Q

common feed contaminant

A

aflatoxin

37
Q

plant toxin causing acute tubular necrosis and perirenal edema in pigs and cattle

A

pigweed

38
Q

plant toxin causing oxalate nephrosis

A

oxalate-rich plants

39
Q

plant toxin caused by ingestion by dogs can lead to acute renal failure and uremia accompanied by vomiting, lethargy, anorexia and diarrhea

A

grapes and raisins

40
Q

plant toxin causing acute renal failure by ingestion in cats

A

lillies

41
Q

plant toxicity caused by ingestion from the pasture or feed in the ruminants and horses causing acute tubular necrosis

A

oak toxicity

42
Q

ingestion results in many nephrotoxic metabolites, including oxalate and glycolic acid causing oxalate nephrosis and renal failure in cats and dogs

A

ethylene glycol

43
Q

food additive causing distal tubular necrosis with characteristic irregular brown birefringent crystals

A

melamine and cyanuric acid

44
Q

caused by ingestion of calciferol-containing rodenticides in cats and dogs

A

vitamin D toxicosis

45
Q

vitamin D toxicosis leads to …

A

hypercalcemia
metastatic mineralization

46
Q

typically a disease of small ruminants caused by bacterial toxins causing acute tubular necrosis

A

pulpy kidney disease

47
Q

bacteria associated with pulpy kidney disease

A

clostridium perferingens type D

48
Q

causes bilateral acute tubular degeneration and necrosis with interstitial edema and hemorrhage

A

bacterial toxins

49
Q

dilation of the renal pelvis due to obstruction of urine outflow
can lead to death due to uremia and hyperkalemia

A

hydronephrosis

50
Q

ascending bacterial infection leads to infection of the renal pelvis with extension to the renal tubules and the expansion of the renal pelvis by purulent exudate

A

pyelonephritis

51
Q

ischemic injury caused by NSAIDs commonly in horses

A

papillary necrosis

52
Q

cats inherited hyperlipoproteinemia have these

A

xanthogranulomas

53
Q

xanthogranuloma lesions are similar to dogs with what disease

A

hypothyroidism
severe atherosclerosis

54
Q

higher prevelance in abyssinian cats with medullary interstitial fibrosis

A

renal interstitial amyliodosis

55
Q

most common epithelial tumor in the urinary bladder

A

transitional cell papilloma and carcinoma

56
Q

most common primary renal neoplasm of the kidney in older dogs

A

renal carcinoma

57
Q

breed with higher disposition to renal carcinoma

A

german shepherd

58
Q

embryonal tumors common in pigs, chickens, some fish

A

nephroblastoma

59
Q

5 lower urinary tract developmental anomalies

A

aplasia
hypoplasia
ectopic ureters
patent urachus
urinary bladder diverticulum

60
Q

lack of formation of a recognizable ureter

A

aplasia of the lower urinary tract

61
Q

smaller than normal ureter with reduced diameter

A

hypoplasia

62
Q

ureters empty in the wrong place

A

ectopic ureters

63
Q

most common malformation of the urinary bladder

A

patent urachus

64
Q

pathogenesis of patent urachus

A

fetal urachus fails to close and involute completely which forms a channel between the bladder’s apex and the umbilicus

65
Q

result of patent urachus

A

allows urine to dribble from umbilicus

66
Q

species most commonly affected by patent urachus

A

foals

67
Q

outpocketing of the bladder wall

A

urinary bladder diverticulum

68
Q

dilation of the ureter and urethra caused by urine outflow obstruction

A

hydroureter and hydrourethra

69
Q

clinical signs of hydroureter and hydrourethra

A

urinary obstruction
(post renal azotemia, pain, hyperkalemia)

70
Q

occurs due to an increase in the precipitation of stone-forming salts resulting in urinary calculi formation

A

urolithiasis

71
Q

toxic causes of cystitis

A

cantharidin toxicosis
bracken fern toxicosis

72
Q

most common tumor in older dogs in the lower urinary tract

A

transitional cell carcinoma

73
Q

causes systemic infection with bacterial emboli and microabscessation in many organs including the kidney commonly in neonatal foals by contaminated umbilicus

A

actinobacillus equuli - bacterial embolic nephritis

74
Q

acute muscle necrosis leads to severe myoglobinemia

A

myoglobinuric nephrosis

75
Q

protozoon parasite with various stages of development in the kidneys of a horse

A

klossiella equi infection

76
Q

results from ingestion of blister beetles which can contaminate alfalfa hay causing acute cystitis due to accumulation of cantharidin toxin in urine

A

cantharidin toxicosis

77
Q

ingestion of leaves, buds or acorns of a certain trea and shrubs causing renal tubular necrosis causing swollen pale kidneys with damaged tubules that can fill with blood resulting in multifocal red spots in ruminants

A

oak toxicity

78
Q

caused by enteric overgrowth of clostridium perfringens type D frequently occuring with increased carbohydrate in the intestine causing proximal tubular degeneration and necrosis with interstitial edema and hemorrhage in ruminants

A

pulpy kidney disease

79
Q

occurs when bacteria embolize the kidney leading to microabscess and abscess formation in ruminants

A

white spotted kidney

80
Q

infection caused direct damage to endothelium, tubules and interstitium in ruminants caused by leptospira, servars hardjo, pomona and gripptophosa

A

tubulointerstitial nephritis

81
Q

ingestion of a legume from pasture/hay resulting in multifocal eosinophilic to granulomatous lesion within the kidney

A

granulomatous nephritis
hairy vetch toxicosis

82
Q

uncommonly seen in cattle but caused by ascending infections resulting in accumulation of suppurative exudate within the renal pelvis which may extend into tubuels

A

pyelonephritis

83
Q

most common toxicosis in cattle causing intermitten hematuria, anemia, weakness, hemorrhages, concurrent infections and is usually fatal

A

bracken fern toxicosis

Pathology (18 decks)

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