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Pathology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the response of the living tissue to injury

A

inflammation

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2
Q

what is the function of inflammation

A

eliminate the inciting cause and rid the area of debris and initiate healing

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3
Q

what are some causes of inflammation

A

pathogenic organisms
poisons and toxins
mechanical and thermal injuries
immune reactions and hypersensitivies

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4
Q

what pathogen would you expect to find in an abscess

A

bacteria

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5
Q

what pathogen would you expect to find big nodules walled off from the body

A

fungi

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6
Q

what pathogen would you expect to find in purulent nasal discharge

A

virus

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7
Q

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation

A

redness
heat
swelling
pain
decreased function

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8
Q

what is rubor

A

redness

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9
Q

what is calor

A

heat

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10
Q

what is tumor

A

swelling

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11
Q

what is dolar

A

pain

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12
Q

what is functio laesa

A

decreased function

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13
Q

what are the 5 steps in the vascular response during inflammation

A
  1. vasodilation
  2. increased vascular permeability
  3. change in blood flow
  4. leukocyte margination, rolling and adhesion
  5. leukocyte emigration
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14
Q

what is the cause for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

A

change in blood flow

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15
Q

what results in increased blood flow first to arterioles then capillaries, then venules

A

vasodilation

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16
Q

what is vasodilation initiated predominantly by

A

histamine
bradykinin

17
Q

why is vasodilation beneficial to the inflammatory response

A

brings nutrients, O2, WBCs ect.

18
Q

true or false:
the mechanism for increased permeability varies depending on the type of injury

A

true

19
Q

what are the causes of increased vascular permeability

A
  1. increased hydraulic pressure
  2. physiologic response due to chemical mediators
  3. direct damage to blood vessels
  4. damage from responding to WBCs
20
Q

what is the result of the interaction of the epithelium of a blood vessel and a chemical mediator

A

widened inter-cellular gap junction in the epithelium

21
Q

in what tissues is it common to find damage to vessels from WBCs

A

lung and glomeruli

22
Q

which hemorrhage is caused by RBCs escaping through the widened cellular junctions

A

hemorrhage by diapedesis

23
Q

true or false:
damaged or ruptured vessels can cause hemorrhage of RBCs by a physiologic response

A

false
it is not considered a physiologic response - it is due to trauma

24
Q

what varies depending on the severity

A

location of vascular permeability

25
Q

describe mild injury resulting in leakage of post capillary venules

A

transient and monophasic
mediated by histamine and serotonin

26
Q

describe moderate injury results in leakage of post capillary venules + capillaries

A

biphasic, immediate and lasts minutes to days
mediated by kinin, prostaglandins and leukotrienes

27
Q

describe severe injury results in leakage of post capillary venules + capillaries + arterioles

A

biphasic, prolonged and sustained response
mediated by kinin, prostaglandin, leukotrienes, histamine, serotonin

28
Q

true or false:
there is a change in blood flow during inflammation by the slowing of blood at the site of injury

A

true

29
Q

what is the result of blood stagnation from the slowing of blood flow

A

margination

30
Q

what 4 things are used by the leukocytes for adhesion

A

selectins
integrins
cadherins
immunoglobulins

31
Q

what is the active process / stasis of blood occurs after fluid has already left the leaky blood vessel

A

inflammation

32
Q

what is the passive process / stasis of blood flow occurs from decreased outflow resulting in increased hydraulic pressure which causes fluid to leave the blood vessel

A

congestion

Pathology (18 decks)

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