Inflammation Flashcards
what is the response of the living tissue to injury
inflammation
what is the function of inflammation
eliminate the inciting cause and rid the area of debris and initiate healing
what are some causes of inflammation
pathogenic organisms
poisons and toxins
mechanical and thermal injuries
immune reactions and hypersensitivies
what pathogen would you expect to find in an abscess
bacteria
what pathogen would you expect to find big nodules walled off from the body
fungi
what pathogen would you expect to find in purulent nasal discharge
virus
what are the cardinal signs of inflammation
redness
heat
swelling
pain
decreased function
what is rubor
redness
what is calor
heat
what is tumor
swelling
what is dolar
pain
what is functio laesa
decreased function
what are the 5 steps in the vascular response during inflammation
- vasodilation
- increased vascular permeability
- change in blood flow
- leukocyte margination, rolling and adhesion
- leukocyte emigration
what is the cause for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
change in blood flow
what results in increased blood flow first to arterioles then capillaries, then venules
vasodilation
what is vasodilation initiated predominantly by
histamine
bradykinin
why is vasodilation beneficial to the inflammatory response
brings nutrients, O2, WBCs ect.
true or false:
the mechanism for increased permeability varies depending on the type of injury
true
what are the causes of increased vascular permeability
- increased hydraulic pressure
- physiologic response due to chemical mediators
- direct damage to blood vessels
- damage from responding to WBCs
what is the result of the interaction of the epithelium of a blood vessel and a chemical mediator
widened inter-cellular gap junction in the epithelium
in what tissues is it common to find damage to vessels from WBCs
lung and glomeruli
which hemorrhage is caused by RBCs escaping through the widened cellular junctions
hemorrhage by diapedesis
true or false:
damaged or ruptured vessels can cause hemorrhage of RBCs by a physiologic response
false
it is not considered a physiologic response - it is due to trauma
what varies depending on the severity
location of vascular permeability
describe mild injury resulting in leakage of post capillary venules
transient and monophasic
mediated by histamine and serotonin
describe moderate injury results in leakage of post capillary venules + capillaries
biphasic, immediate and lasts minutes to days
mediated by kinin, prostaglandins and leukotrienes
describe severe injury results in leakage of post capillary venules + capillaries + arterioles
biphasic, prolonged and sustained response
mediated by kinin, prostaglandin, leukotrienes, histamine, serotonin
true or false:
there is a change in blood flow during inflammation by the slowing of blood at the site of injury
true
what is the result of blood stagnation from the slowing of blood flow
margination
what 4 things are used by the leukocytes for adhesion
selectins
integrins
cadherins
immunoglobulins
what is the active process / stasis of blood occurs after fluid has already left the leaky blood vessel
inflammation
what is the passive process / stasis of blood flow occurs from decreased outflow resulting in increased hydraulic pressure which causes fluid to leave the blood vessel
congestion
