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Pathology > Inflammation - Cellular Response > Flashcards

Inflammation - Cellular Response Flashcards

1
Q

where are neutrophils produced

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

how long does it take for a neutrophil to respond to a stimulus

A

minutes to hours

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3
Q

how do neutrophils kill pathogens

A

phagocytosis
intercellular granules
degranualize

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4
Q

true or false:
neutrophilic granules are specific and do not cause any damage to surrounding tissue

A

false
they are non-specific and can cause damage to surrounding tissues and necrosis

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5
Q

what are neutrophil extracellular traps

A

composed of neutrophil granule proteins and DNA that trap and likely kill pathogens

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6
Q

what does a ‘left shift’ on a CBC denote

A

animal is mobilizing more immature neutrophils than usual

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7
Q

what would you see on a cytology of a purulent abscess of a neutrophilic inflammation

A

acute
lots of tissue destrution
neutrophils

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8
Q

where are eosinophils produced

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

what types of diseases are associated with increases of eosinophils

A

parasites
allergies

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10
Q

how do eosinophils eliminate pathogens

A

degranulation

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11
Q

what do eosinophils use for degranulation

A

major basic protein
phosphatases
proteases

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12
Q

what is an (idiopathic) eosinophilic lesion in an animal

A

a result of eosinophils that infiltrate tissues of a variety of species

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13
Q

what are the 3 presentation of an eosinophilic granuloma complex

A

eosinophilic plaque
eosinophilic granuloma
eosinophilic ulcer

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14
Q

why are eosinophilic lesions an issue

A

extremely pruritic
secondary bacterial infection
guarded prognosis

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15
Q

what is eosinophilic masticatory myositis

A

temporalis and masseter muscles contain a unique Type 2M myosin which become targeted by antibodies

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16
Q

how would eosinophilic myositis present in sheep and cattle

A

infiltration of skeletal and cardiac muscle with eosinophils
can be incidental finding or cause sudden death depending on tissue and severity

17
Q

how do basophils and mast cells contribute to inflammation

A

cell signalling

18
Q

what is associated with antigen surveillance and release effector mediators

A

basophils and mast cells

19
Q

what do Tcells mature into

A

cytotoxic T-cells CD8 /MHCI
cytotoxic T-cells CD4 /MHC2

20
Q

what cells die due to programmed cell death (apoptosis)

A

T-cells

21
Q

how do T-cell killings differ from neutrophils

A

neutrophil death is random and not programmed

22
Q

if lymphocytes are present in the cytology, what type of inflammation do you have

A

chronic

23
Q

what conditions are often associated with chronic infection with lymphocytes

A

viruses
hypersensitivities
auto-immune

24
Q

what do B-cells turn into

A

plasma cells

25
Q

what cell recognizes ‘injured’ cells without need for MHC1 processed antigen

A

natural killer cells

26
Q

true or false:
NK cells can formulate antigen-specific memory

A

true

27
Q

what are the 3 roles of macrophages in inflammation

A

APC
phagocytosis
remodeling

28
Q

what do macrophages do when there is a difficult tissue to digest

A

they form multinucleated giant cells

29
Q

what is the reticuloendothelial system/ macrophage system

A

macrophages being a permanent resident of tissues

30
Q

what would cause an iron sequestration in tissue due to macrophages

A

bacterial infections
immunostimulation
tumor suppression

31
Q

what would cause iron release in tissues due to macrophages

A

tissue repair
matrix remodeling
angiogenesis
RBC production

32
Q

what ‘diseases’ are seen with iron release due to macrophage use

A

chronic anemia
anemia of inflammation

33
Q

in addition to eosinophils, what other cell type are you most likely to predominantly seen on cytology or biopsy associated with an eosinophilic masticatory myositis

A

lymphocyte
(plasma cell)

Pathology (18 decks)

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