Inflammation - Cellular Response Flashcards
where are neutrophils produced
bone marrow
how long does it take for a neutrophil to respond to a stimulus
minutes to hours
how do neutrophils kill pathogens
phagocytosis
intercellular granules
degranualize
true or false:
neutrophilic granules are specific and do not cause any damage to surrounding tissue
false
they are non-specific and can cause damage to surrounding tissues and necrosis
what are neutrophil extracellular traps
composed of neutrophil granule proteins and DNA that trap and likely kill pathogens
what does a ‘left shift’ on a CBC denote
animal is mobilizing more immature neutrophils than usual
what would you see on a cytology of a purulent abscess of a neutrophilic inflammation
acute
lots of tissue destrution
neutrophils
where are eosinophils produced
bone marrow
what types of diseases are associated with increases of eosinophils
parasites
allergies
how do eosinophils eliminate pathogens
degranulation
what do eosinophils use for degranulation
major basic protein
phosphatases
proteases
what is an (idiopathic) eosinophilic lesion in an animal
a result of eosinophils that infiltrate tissues of a variety of species
what are the 3 presentation of an eosinophilic granuloma complex
eosinophilic plaque
eosinophilic granuloma
eosinophilic ulcer
why are eosinophilic lesions an issue
extremely pruritic
secondary bacterial infection
guarded prognosis
what is eosinophilic masticatory myositis
temporalis and masseter muscles contain a unique Type 2M myosin which become targeted by antibodies
how would eosinophilic myositis present in sheep and cattle
infiltration of skeletal and cardiac muscle with eosinophils
can be incidental finding or cause sudden death depending on tissue and severity
how do basophils and mast cells contribute to inflammation
cell signalling
what is associated with antigen surveillance and release effector mediators
basophils and mast cells
what do Tcells mature into
cytotoxic T-cells CD8 /MHCI
cytotoxic T-cells CD4 /MHC2
what cells die due to programmed cell death (apoptosis)
T-cells
how do T-cell killings differ from neutrophils
neutrophil death is random and not programmed
if lymphocytes are present in the cytology, what type of inflammation do you have
chronic
what conditions are often associated with chronic infection with lymphocytes
viruses
hypersensitivities
auto-immune
what do B-cells turn into
plasma cells
what cell recognizes ‘injured’ cells without need for MHC1 processed antigen
natural killer cells
true or false:
NK cells can formulate antigen-specific memory
true
what are the 3 roles of macrophages in inflammation
APC
phagocytosis
remodeling
what do macrophages do when there is a difficult tissue to digest
they form multinucleated giant cells
what is the reticuloendothelial system/ macrophage system
macrophages being a permanent resident of tissues
what would cause an iron sequestration in tissue due to macrophages
bacterial infections
immunostimulation
tumor suppression
what would cause iron release in tissues due to macrophages
tissue repair
matrix remodeling
angiogenesis
RBC production
what ‘diseases’ are seen with iron release due to macrophage use
chronic anemia
anemia of inflammation
in addition to eosinophils, what other cell type are you most likely to predominantly seen on cytology or biopsy associated with an eosinophilic masticatory myositis
lymphocyte
(plasma cell)
