key words etiology of depression

Question 1

neurogenesis theory

Answer 1

depression is the cessation of neuronal birth and connections in the hippocampus (due to feelings of stress) and any neural networks related to the production of serotonin, dopamine, and norephenepherine.

Question 2

HPA axis hyperactivity

Answer 2

symptom of MDD, which states that due to an over production of cortisol in the hippocampus, there is a reduced production of serotonin and other neurotransmitters like dopamine.

Question 3

etiology

Answer 3

the study of why and how something happens, in this case the depressive disorder, for example, what factor/s would cause depression.

Question 4

biological etiology

Answer 4

study of why and how a disorder occurs from the genetic, hormonal, and chemical perspective, also looking at brain chemistry, and/or abnormalities in bodily functions/systems.

Question 5

cognitive etiology

Answer 5

the study of how thought processes, beliefs, perceptions, values, emotions and mental (thinking) patterns, can cause or maintain a disorder.

Question 6

sociocultural etiology

Answer 6

the study of how social and cultural factors can cause or maintain a disorder, such as, societal norms, individualistic or collectivist cultures, religion, relationships, and environment.

Question 7

depression

Answer 7

mental illness marked by prolonged sadness, lack of interest, and impaired daily functioning, often involving sleep, appetite, energy, and concentration changes, that persist over 2 weeks.

Question 8

theory of rumination

Answer 8

the focused attention on the symptoms of one’s distress. the theory states that repeatedly focusing on negative thoughts and emotions can worsen depression. it refers to a patterns of continuously thinking about the causes, consequences, and symptoms of one’s distress without taking action to resolve it.
there r 2 parts:
1) focused attention (cant concentrate)
2) worry (how can I get better? will this affect other parts of my life?)

Question 9

vulnerability model

Answer 9

involve factors in the social environment that can increase or decrease the risk of depression. there r three types, protective factors (prevent), vulnerability factors (increase the risk), and provoking agents (contribute to acute and ongoing stress).
also stated that when an individual is exposed to more vulnerability factors and provoking agents, they are more likely to develop depression.

Question 10

diathesis stress model

Answer 10

explores ow depression develops as a results of the interaction between one’s vulnerability (diathesis), which can be a biological (genetics, etc) and/or physiological predisposition (personality traits), and environmental stressors/stressful life events.

Question 11

artifact hypothesis

Answer 11

there is a higher prevalence of depression in women due to them reporting about their symptoms and seeking help more often than men, and due to that there is a potential over diagnosis of depression in women by clinicians, rather than actual differences in depression rates between men and women.

Question 12

prevalence

Answer 12

how much and for how long a certain disorder persists in a specific location at a specific time.
proportion of a population that has a psych disorder as a specific point in time.