Cognitive E Nolen Hoeksema

Question 1

Nolen Hoeksema abt

Answer 1

San Francisco

Question 2

Aim

Answer 2

to study the role of rumination in symptoms related to depression

Question 3

participants and location

Answer 3

adult participants in the san Francisco area - randomly selected.

Question 4

procedure

Answer 4

1) interviewed 2x in 1 year in their own house.
- interview consisted of many clinical interviews for depression
2) given a questionnaire on rumination and coping (how often do they think “why do I act like this”?)

Question 5

results

Answer 5

people that shows signs of MDD (by clinical interview) scored higher on the questionnaire (had high ruminative responses)

people that did not show signs of MDD had low score on rumination questionnaire.

people that had depression but were improving/treatment, had lower scores on rumination than ppl w chronic MDD.

Question 6

implications

Answer 6

thus shows that people that have MDD ruminate a lot more about their distress, and think negatively about it.

Question 7

the results of this study show that…

Answer 7

Rumination leads to prolonged focus on negative thoughts which can impair cognitive functions (emotional regulation etc). ppls who ruminated more became fixated on their depressive symptoms, which interfered with their ability to process emotions effectively, deepening their distress and contributing to the persistence in depression.

basically

R = more focus on neg - impacting ur cog process of thinking pos. if u ruminated more, u became fixated on ur symptoms, which impacted ur ability to process emotions good.

Question 8

this is because…

Answer 8

rumination functions as a dysfunctional coping mechanism, when individuals experience distress form their depression, they may ruminate as an attempt to make sense of their feelings, but instead of rumination providing solutions, it amplifies their negative thoughts, making them more sad and helpless.

basically

rumination is not right - its dysfunctional, so ppls ruminate thinking its a coping mechanism but in reality it amplifies their negative thoughts.

Question 9

which implies that the theory of rumination….

Answer 9

plays a sig role in the development and persistence of depression by magnifying negative emotions and stopping efficient cognitive processing.

Question 10

eval:

Answer 10

-: biodirectional ambiguity - dk if rumination causes D or D causes R
-: self report not credible.
-: DC
-: no cause and effect
-: open to Ex V’s.
+: natural envio
+: high eco V
+: support theory
+: good qual data - in depth and personal - interview.