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CNA Training > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abbreviation

A

A shortened form of a word.

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2
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a body part away from the body.

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3
Q

Abuse

A

The willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain, or mental anguish. Can be verbal (oral, written, or gestured), physical (done to the patient through rough handling, hitting, slapping, pinching, etc), emotional/mental (humiliation, harassment, threats of punishment or deprivation), or sexual (harassment, coercion, or assault).

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4
Q

Adduction

A

Moving a body part toward the body.

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5
Q

Admission

A

Resident arrival to reside at the facility.

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6
Q

Advance Directive

A

The resident’s spoken and/or written instruction about future medical care and treatment.

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7
Q

Active Range of Motion

A

Exercises are done by the resident themselves.

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8
Q

Activity Director (AD)

A

An individual who plans the activities for the residents and assists them to socialize and to stay physically and mentally active.

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9
Q

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

A

Personal daily care tasks including: bathing, dressing, caring for teeth and hair, toileting, eating, and drinking.

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10
Q

Activity Therapy

A

Increased activities with a goal.

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11
Q

Acute

A

A current illness that has severe symptoms and may be the result of a sudden onset.

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12
Q

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

A

A disease of the human immune system caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The illness interferes with the immune system, making those with AIDS much more likely to get infections. Although considered a sexually transmitted disease, it is also spread through blood, infected needles, or to the fetus from its mother.

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13
Q

Administrator

A

Manages all departments within the facility.

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14
Q

Adult Day Care

A

Care given at a facility during day time hours; generally for individuals who need some assistance and/or supervision but are not seriously ill or disabled, and usually reside outside of the facility.

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15
Q

Advanced Practice Nurse

A

A registered nurse having education beyond the basic nursing education and certified by a nationally recognized professional organization in a nursing specialty, or meeting other criteria established by a Board of Nursing.

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16
Q

Agitation

A

Restlessness; emotional state of excitement or restlessness.

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17
Q

Airbourne Precautions

A

Used for diseases that are transmitted through the air after expelled.

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18
Q

Alignment

A

Put in a straight line; shoulders directly above hips, head back and neck straight, arms and legs in a natural position.

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19
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

A progressive, degenerative and irreversible disease. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by the formation of tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits in the brain.

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20
Q

Ambulation

A

Walking

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21
Q

Amputation

A

The removal of some or all of a body part, usually as a result of injury or disease.

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22
Q

Antibiotic

A

Compound or substance that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria.

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23
Q

Anxiety

A

Uneasiness or fear of a situation or condition.

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24
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to speak, or to speak clearly.

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25
Q

Expressive Aphasia

A

May be slow to speak or to formulate sentences.

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26
Q

Receptive Aphasia

A

May be slow to respond to communication attempts due to delay in processing the communication and the response.

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27
Q

Apathy

A

Lack of interest.

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28
Q

Apical Pulse

A

Located on the left side of the chest, under the breastbone; taken with a stethoscope.

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29
Q

Arthritis

A

A joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints.

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30
Q

Aspiration

A

Inhalation of food or drink into lungs; which has the potential to cause pneumonia or death.

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31
Q

Assignment Sheet

A

A document which lists the residents assigned to a caregiver and the specifics regarding care to be provided.

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32
Q

Assisted Living

A

Facilities where residents live who need limited assistance, but do not require skilled care.

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33
Q

Assistive Devices

A

Equipment used to help resident increase independence.

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34
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles.

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35
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

A psychiatric diagnosis that describes mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more depressive episodes. The resident experiences extreme highs and lows.

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36
Q

Blood Borne Pathogens

A

Microorganisms in human blood which can cause infection and disease in humans.

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37
Q

Body Fluids

A

Saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, and pus or other wound drainage.

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38
Q

Body Mechanics

A

Using the body properly to coordinate balance and movement.

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39
Q

Bony Prominence

A

Area of the body where the bone is in close proximity to the skin (ankles, hip bones, elbows, etc.).

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40
Q

Brachial Pulse

A

Located at the bend of the elbow, used for taking blood pressure measurement.

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41
Q

Burnout

A

A condition of feeling stressed and/or overworked to the pint that the care provided to residents is negatively affected.

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42
Q

Call Light

A

Means to communicate to staff a need for assistance. The call light should be available to the resident at all times.

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43
Q

Calories

A

The fuel or energy value of food.

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44
Q

Cane

A

Assistive device used by the resident with weakness on one side.

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45
Q

Carbohydrates

A

The main source of energy for all body functions.

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46
Q

Care Plan

A

A plan developed for each resident by the interdisciplinary team to achieve certain goals.

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47
Q

Care Team

A

People with different education and experience who help care for residents. It is often called the “interdisciplinary team” or “IDT”.

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48
Q

Carotid Pulse

A

Located on either side of the neck, supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood.

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49
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

Heart function and circulation stop.

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50
Q

Catastrophic Reaction

A

Overreacting to stimuli in an unreasonable way.

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51
Q

Catheter

A

Tube used to drain urine from the bladder.

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52
Q

Causative Agent

A

A biological agent (pathogen) that causes disease.

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53
Q

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A

Federal government agency that issues guidelines relative to protection and manners to improve health.

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54
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

A group of disorders that can involve brain and nervous system functions, such as movement, learning, hearing, seeing, and thinking.

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55
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A

Stroke; blood supply is suddenly cut off to the brain.

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56
Q

Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)

A

An individual who has completed a state approved course and has successfully completed certification testing.

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57
Q

Chain of Command

A

The line of authority in the facility which addresses to whom each employee/department reports.

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58
Q

Chain of Infection

A

An illustration to describe how a disease is transmitted from one person (or source) to another.

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59
Q

Chemical Restraint

A

Any drug that is used for discipline or convenience and not require to treat medical symptoms.

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60
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment of cancer with an antineoplastic drug or with a combination of such drugs into a standardized treatment regimen; often administered intravenously (IV).

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61
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

A pattern of breathing with gradual increase in depth and sometimes rate, followed by a decreasing result in apnea (no breathing); the cycles ordinarily are 30 seconds to 2 minutes in duration, with 5-30 seconds of apnea.

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62
Q

Chronic

A

The disease or condition is long term or will be long lasting.

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63
Q

Chronological Order

A

The sequence in which events occur.

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64
Q

Choking

A

A complete blockage of the airway requiring immediate action.

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65
Q

Claustrophobia

A

Fear of having no escape and being closed in small spaces or rooms.

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66
Q

Cliches

A

Phrases that are used frequently and which often have a different meaning, making it difficult for the resident to understand.

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67
Q

Closed Bed

A

A bed completely made with the bedspread and blankets in place.

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68
Q

Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff)

A

Bacteria which causes severe watery diarrhea and other intestinal disease when competing bacteria have been wiped out by antibiotics. It is spread by spores that are difficult to kill and can be carried on the hands of caregivers who have direct contact with residents or an environmental surface (floors, toilets, bedpans).

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69
Q

Cognition

A

Ability to think logically/quickly.

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70
Q

Cognitive Impairment

A

Inability related to thinking, concentrating, and/or remembering.

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71
Q

Colostomy

A

Section of the colon is removed and the stool will be evacuated through a stoma and emptied into a bag adhered to the abdomen of the resident.

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72
Q

Combustion

A

The process of burning.

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73
Q

Communication

A

The process of exchanging information with others.

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74
Q

Condom Catheter

A

External catheter that has an attachment on the end that fits over the penis; also called a Texas catheter.

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75
Q

Confidentiality

A

Maintaining information as private.

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76
Q

Confusion

A

Inability to think clearly, trouble focusing, difficulty making decisions, feelings of disorientation.

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77
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

The heart is severely damaged and cannot pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body effectively. Blood may back up in other areas of the body, and fluid may build up in the lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, arms, and legs.

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78
Q

Contact Precautions

A

Used when there is risk for transmitting or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person.

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79
Q

Contracture

A

Permanent stiffening of a joint and muscle.

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80
Q

Convenience

A

Any action taken by the facility to control a resident’s behavior or manage a resident’s behavior with a lesser amount of effort by the facility and not in the resident’s best interest.

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81
Q

Cultural Differences

A

Beliefs, values, habits, diet, and health practices that relate to a person’s culture or religion.

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82
Q

Cultural Diversity

A

The variety of people living and working together in the facility.

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83
Q

Culture

A

A system of behaviors people learn from the people by which they are surrounded.

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84
Q

Culture Change

A

A philosophy that focuses on providing “person-centered” care to residents and creating a positive work environment for healthcare workers.

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85
Q

Cyanotic

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, lips, or nails due to lack of sufficient oxygen in the blood.

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86
Q

Dangle

A

Sitting up with feet over the edge of the bed.

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87
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress of uncomfortable, threatening situations or feelings.

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88
Q

Deformities

A

Abnormally formed parts of the body.

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89
Q

Dehydration

A

Excessive loss of fluid from the body.

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90
Q

Denial

A

Rejection of a thought or feeling.

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91
Q

Dependent

A

Requires staff assistance to carry out activities of daily living.

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92
Q

Delirium

A

State of sudden severe confusion that is usually temporary.

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93
Q

Delusions

A

Believing things that are untrue. Fixed false beliefs.

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94
Q

Demetia

A

Serious loss of mental abilities (thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communication).

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95
Q

Depression

A

State of low mood and lack of interest in activity.

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96
Q

Dermis

A

Inner layer of skin.

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97
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

The body does not produce enough, or properly use, insulin.

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98
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent elimination of liquid or semi-liquid stool.

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99
Q

Dietician

A

Pans menus, special diets, and monitors nutritional needs of the resident.

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100
Q

Digestion

A

The process of breaking down food so that is can be absorbed by the cells of the body.

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101
Q

Direct Contact

A

Touching an infected person or their secretions.

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102
Q

Discharge

A

Resident departure from the facility; no longer a resident of the facility.

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103
Q

Discipline

A

Any action taken by the facility for the purpose of punishing or penalizing residents.

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104
Q

Disinfection

A

Chemicals used to decrease the spread of pathogens by destroying them.

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105
Q

Disorientation

A

Confused relative to time and/or place.

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106
Q

Displacement

A

Transferring a strong negative feeling to something or someone else.

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107
Q

Disposable

A

A product designed for short-term use with most products only intended for single use.

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108
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

The “bottom number”. The phase when the heart relaxes. The pressure in the arteries between heartbeats.

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109
Q

DNR

A

“Do Not Resuscitate”; no heroic measures are to be taken should the resident’s respiration cease.

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110
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending backward.

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111
Q

Draw Sheet

A

Turning sheet that is placed under residents who are unable to assist with turning, lifting, or moving up in bed.

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112
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

Used when the disease-causing microorganism does not stay airborne and only travels a short distance after being expelled.

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113
Q

Elastic/Compression Stockings

A

Stockings that decrease blood pooling in the lower extremities. The stockings help with circulation in the lower legs and decrease the risk for blood clots. They are also referred to as TED (Thrombo Embolic Deterrent) hose.

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114
Q

Elimination

A

The process of expelling solid wastes that are not absorbed into the cells of the body.

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115
Q

Elopement

A

A resident exiting the facility whose whereabouts are unknown to the staff.

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116
Q

Emesis

A

Vomit.

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117
Q

Enema

A

Specific amount of water flowed into the colon to eliminate stool.

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118
Q

Entrapment

A

A resident’s body part becomes lodged between the bed frame and/or mattress and the bed rail.

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119
Q

Environment

A

Circumstances or conditions that surround an individual.

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120
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of skin.

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121
Q

Epilepsy

A

Brain disorder in which a resident had reported seizures (convulsions). Medication is ordered to control/lessen the seizure activity.

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122
Q

Evacuation Plan

A

Plan developed by the facility by which residents would be relocated to a safe area within the facility, outside the facility, or to an alternate location.

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123
Q

Expiration

A

Exhaling air out of the lungs.

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124
Q

Extension

A

Straightening a body part.

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125
Q

Fainting

A

Sudden loss of consciousness because of inadequate blood supply to the brain.

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126
Q

Fats

A

Help the body store energy and use certain vitamins.

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127
Q

Fecal Impaction

A

Hard stool in the rectum that cannot be expelled.

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128
Q

Fire Drill

A

Plan executed frequently to help workers learn what to do in the case of a fire.

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129
Q

Flammable

A

Easily ignited and capable of burning quickly.

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130
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a body part.

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131
Q

Fluid Overload

A

Condition in which the body is unable to handle the amount of fluids consumed.

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132
Q

Fluid Restriction

A

A restriction in the amount of fluids a resident may have per day; usually divided between nursing and dietary (fluids with meals).

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133
Q

Foot Care

A

Care of the feet, including inspection for areas of concern to be reported to the nurse.

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134
Q

Fowler’s Position

A

Head of the bed elevated 45 to 60 degrees.

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135
Q

Fracture

A

Broken bone.

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136
Q

Fracture Pan

A

Bedpan used for a resident who cannot assist with raising hips on the regular bedpan.

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137
Q

Friction

A

Skin repeatedly rubs another surface.

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138
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus.

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139
Q

Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube)

A

Tube placed through the abdomen directly into the stomach and used to provide nourishment.

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140
Q

Genitals

A

The external male or female sexual organs.

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141
Q

Hallucinations

A

Seeing/hearing things that are not there. False sensory perceptions.

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142
Q

Hand Hygiene

A

Hand washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub.

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143
Q

Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)

A

Infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare setting; also known as a nosocomial infection.

144
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

A

Law that requires health information to be kept secure (protected) and private.

145
Q

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

A

Blood flow to the heart is completely blocked and oxygen cannot reach the cells in the region that is blocked.

146
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side of the body.

147
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of the body, weakness, or loss of movement.

148
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Excessive loss of blood from a blood vessel.

149
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Enlarged veins of the rectum.

150
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by infection.

151
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Federal law that protects the privacy of individually identifiable health information; sets national standards for the security of electronic protected health information; and protects identifiable information being used to analyze patient safety events and improve patient safety.

152
Q

HIV/AIDS

A

Life-threatening condition that damages the immune system and interferes with the body’s ability to fight disease.

153
Q

Hoarding

A

Collecting and storing items in a guarded manner.

154
Q

Home Health Care

A

Care provided in a person’s home.

155
Q

Hospice

A

Care for individuals who have an estimated six months or less to live; hospice provides physical and emotional care and comfort.

156
Q

Housekeeping Department

A

Responsible to maintain the facility in a clean and sanitary manner.

157
Q

Hydration

A

The supply and retention of adequate water to keep a person from dehydrating.

158
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure.

159
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Overactive thyroid gland or an excess of thyroid hormone.

160
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure.

161
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Underactive thyroid gland or a below normal production of thyroid hormone.

162
Q

Ileostomy

A

Section of the intestine is removed and the stool will be evacuated through a stoma and emptied into a bag adhered to the skin of the resident.

163
Q

Immune System

A

Protects the body from disease.

164
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to control the bladder or bowels.

165
Q

Independant

A

Able to carry out activities of daily living without staff assistance.

166
Q

Indirect Contact

A

Transmission of a disease without physical contact (like touching a common object).

167
Q

Indwelling Catheter

A

Catheter that remains in the bladder for a period of time.

168
Q

Infection Control

A

Methods used to control and prevent the spread of tiny living things that are always present in the environment, however are not visible to the naked eye.

169
Q

Influenza

A

An infectious disease caused by a virus. The most common symptoms include chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness/fatigue, and general discomfort. It is more severe of a disease than the common cold.

170
Q

Informed Consent

A

A person, after being informed of the potential negative outcomes, makes informed decisions about their healthcare.

171
Q

Inspiration

A

Breathing air into the lungs.

172
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin.

173
Q

Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)

A

A developmental disability that causes below average mental functioning.

174
Q

Interdisciplinary Team

A

Professionals from each discipline within the nursing facility who meet to discuss and plan the care of the resident.

175
Q

Interventions

A

Actions to be taken by the staff in response to an event or behavior.

176
Q

Intravenous (IV)

A

Refers to a soft, flexible catheter (tube) that is inserted by a nurse or physician into a vein.

177
Q

Involuntary Seclusion

A

Separation of a resident from other residents or from their room or confinement to their own room against the resident’s sill, or the will of the resident’s legal representative.

178
Q

Isolation

A

Measure taken to isolate the potentially harmful microorganism and prevent spread to other residents.

179
Q

IV Pump

A

Device to regulate the flow of fluid into the vein. The pump will alarm is there is a problem with flow, and must be managed by the licensed nurse.

180
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellow/gold tint to the skin and eyes seen in liver disease such as hepatitis or liver cancer.

181
Q

Jejunostomy (J-Tube)

A

Tube placed into the second part of the small intestines and used to provide nourishment.

182
Q

Lateral Position

A

Lying on side, either left or right.

183
Q

Laundry Department

A

Oversees laundering of facility linens and resident’s personal clothing.

184
Q

Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)

A

A licensed professional who has completed 1 to 2 years of education and has completed an exam for licensure.

185
Q

Localized Infection

A

An infection contained to a specific body part; thus the infection is localized.

186
Q

Logrolling

A

To turn, or move the resident without disturbing the alignment of their body.

187
Q

Long Term Care (LTC)

A

Care for persons who require 24 hour care and assistance.

188
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Removes excess fluids and waste products from the tissues of the body.

189
Q

Maintenance Department

A

Maintains facility and grounds in good repair.

190
Q

Manic Depression

A

Fluctuation between deep depression to extreme activity, including high energy, little sleep, big speeches, rapid mood changes, high self-esteem, overspending, and/or overspending.

191
Q

Mechanical Lift

A

A hydraulic or electric device used to transfer dependent or obese residents between surfaces. The lift may also have a scale to weigh the resident.

192
Q

Medical Director

A

Physician who provides oversight to the nursing staff regarding care provided to the residents.

193
Q

Medical Doctor (MD)

A

Physician.

194
Q

Medical Symptom

A

An indication or characteristic of a physical or psychological condition.

195
Q

Mental Health

A

Level of cognitive or emotional well-being or an absence of a mental disorder.

196
Q

Mental Illness

A

Disruption in a person’s ability to function at a normal level in a family, home, or community; Often producing inappropriate behaviors.

197
Q

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

A

An antibiotic resistant infection often acquired in hospitals and other facilities; spread by direct physical contact.

198
Q

Minerals

A

Compounds found in the diet or dietary supplements; builds body tissue, regulates body fluids, promotes bone and tooth formation, and affects nerve and muscle function.

199
Q

Misappropriation

A

The deliberate misplacement, exploitation, or wrongful temporary or permanent use of a resident’s belongings or money without the resident’s consent.

200
Q

Mode of Transmission

A

How the pathogen travels from one person to another. Transmission can happen through the air, or through direct or indirect contact.

201
Q

Mottling

A

The skin, especially on the hands and feet, appear blue and blotchy; caused by slow blood circulation. The underside of the body may become darker. There may be a bluish grey color around the mouth or paleness in the face.

202
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A

A progressive disease affecting the central nervous system.

203
Q

Nasogastric Tube

A

Tube placed through the nose into the stomach and used to provide nourishment.

204
Q

Neglect

A

Failure to provide help or care when needed.

205
Q

Non-Verbal Communication

A

Communication without using words, such as facial expressions, tone of voice, posture, gestures, touch, body language, etc.

206
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth.

206
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare setting; also known as Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI).

207
Q

Nutrients

A

Substances found in food which provide nourishment.

208
Q

Nutrition

A

Nourishment. The process by which the body takes in food to maintain health.

209
Q

Objective Information

A

Information based on what is factually seen, heard, touched, or smelled. A direct observation.

210
Q

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)

A

Law passed by federal government establishing minimum standards for nursing home care and for nursing assistant training.

211
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

Uncontrollable need to repeat or perform actions in a repetitive or sequential manner.

212
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A

Federal governmental agency that protects workers from hazards on the job.

213
Q

Occupational Therapist (OT)

A

A therapist who helps residents to learn to compensate for their disabilities and assist them with activities of daily living.

214
Q

Occupational Therapy

A

Formal therapy which assists the resident to learn to compensate for their disabilities and assist then with activities of daily living.

215
Q

Occupied Bed

A

Bed made while a resident is in the bed.

216
Q

Offload

A

Assisting a resident to stand up to completely remove the pressure from the area.

217
Q

Ombudsman

A

Resident advocate who investigates complaints and assists to achieve agreement between parties, often defending the rights of residents.

218
Q

Open Bed

A

Folding the linen down to the foot of the bed.

219
Q

Optometrist

A

Provides eye care for the residents.

220
Q

Oral Care

A

Care of mouth, teeth, and gums. Cleaning the teeth, gums, tongue, inside of mouth, and dentures (if used).

221
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

A drop in blood pressure when a resident suddenly rises from a lying to a a sitting or standing position.

222
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Condition when the bones become brittle and weak; may be due to age, lack of hormones, not enough calcium in bones, alcohol, or lack of exercise.

223
Q

Ostomy

A

Creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside of the body.

224
Q

Pacing

A

Walking back and forth in the same area.

225
Q

Pain

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage.

226
Q

Palliative Care

A

Care that focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person rather than curing them.

227
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Fearful, scared, or terrified for no specific reason.

228
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss or impairment of the ability to move a body part, usually as a result of damage to its nerve supply.

229
Q

Paraplegia

A

Loss of function of lower body and legs.

230
Q

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A

A schizophrenic disorder in which the person has false beliefs that someone (or people) are plotting against them.

231
Q

Passive Range of Motion

A

Caregivers support and move the resident’s joints through the range of motion when the resident cannot move on their own.

232
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

A progressive movement disorder.

233
Q

Pathogen

A

Harmful microorganism; the causative agent.

234
Q

Pediculosis

A

An infestation of lice.

235
Q

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

A

Tube placed endoscopically, directly into the stomach and used to provide nourishment. Often called a G-Tube.

236
Q

Peptic Ulcer

A

Ulcer that forms in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus.

237
Q

Perineal Area

A

The area of the body between the genitals and the anus.

238
Q

Perineum

A

The area between the anus and the vulva or scrotum.

239
Q

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)

A

A soft, flexible catheter that is inserted by a specially trained nurse or physician into a vein for administration of medication, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), chemotherapy, or blood products for an extended period of time.

240
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

A

Condition in which the extremities (commonly the legs and feet) do not have enough blood circulation due to fatty deposits in the vessels that harden over time.

241
Q

Personal Inventory Record

A

Record of personal items brought to the facility and belonging to the resident.

241
Q

Person-Centered Care

A

A philosophical approach to nursing home care that honors and respects the voice of elders and those working closest with them. It involves a continuing process of listening, trying new things, seeing how they work, and changing things in an effort to individualize care and de-institutionalize the nursing home environment.

242
Q

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

Barrier between a person and a potentially harmful microorganism.

243
Q

Phantom Pain/Sensation

A

Feeling like the limp is still there after the amputation due to the remaining nerve endings.

244
Q

Phobias

A

An extreme form of anxiety/fears.

245
Q

Physical Restraint

A

Any manual method of physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment attached to or adjacent to the resident’s body that the individual cannot remove easily, which restricts freedom of movement or normal access to one’s body.

246
Q

Physical Therapist (PT)

A

Provides therapy in the form of heat, cold, massage, ultrasound, electricity, and exercise to residents with muscle, bone, and joint problems. A PT may help a person to safely use a walker, cane, or wheelchair.

247
Q

Physical Therapy

A

Formal therapy which uses heat, cold, massage, ultrasound, electricity, and exercise to residents with muscle, bone, and joint problems. A PT may help a person to safely use a walker, cane, or wheelchair.

248
Q

Pillaging

A

Taking items that belong to another.

249
Q

Pivot

A

To turn with one foot remaining stationary.

250
Q

Podiatrist

A

A physician who examines and care for the resident’s feet.

251
Q

Poisoning

A

To cause injury, illness, or death by chemical means.

252
Q

Policy

A

A course of action determined by the facility that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs.

253
Q

Portable Commode (Bedside)

A

Chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath.

254
Q

Portal of Entry

A

The way pathogens enter the body (mouth, nose, skin breaks, urinary tract, and anus).

255
Q

Portal of Exit

A

The ways pathogens leave the body (urine, feces, saliva, tears, wound drainage, sores, blood, and excretions from the respiratory tract and genitals).

256
Q

Positioning

A

The placement and alignment of the resident’s body when assisting the resident to sit, lie down, or turn.

257
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

Anxiety related to a disorder caused by a traumatic experience or event.

258
Q

Pressure Sore

A

Also called “Bed Sore” or “Decubitus Ulcer”. A localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue. Usually occurs over a bony prominence as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction.

259
Q

Privacy

A

Free of being observe or disturbed by other people.

260
Q

Pressure Point

A

Any area on the body that bears the body’s weight when lying or sitting and where a bone is close to the skin’s surface.

261
Q

Procedure

A

The steps to be taken to carry out a task; a particular way of doing things.

262
Q

Professionalism

A

How a person behaves when on the job. Examples of professional interactions with the resident include, but are not limited to:
Keeping a positive attitude doing the tasks you are assigned to perform.
Keeping information about the resident confidential.
Being polite.
Not discussing your personal problems with a resident or coworker.
Not using profanity, even if a resident does.
Listening to the resident.
Calling the resident by Mr., Mrs., Ms., and their preferred name.
Always explaining the care you will be providing before beginning to provide the care.
Presenting a positive image through personal hygiene, appearance, and state of mind.

263
Q

Projection

A

Seeing feelings in others that are really one’s own.

264
Q

Pronation

A

Turning downward.

265
Q

Prosthesis

A

Artificial body part.

266
Q

Prosthetic Devices

A

Device that replaces a body part that is missing or deformed due to an accident, injury, illness, or birth defect.

267
Q

Proteins

A

Complex compounds found in all living matter; promote growth and repair of tissue.

268
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Sessions with mental health professionals during which the resident discusses problems or issues.

269
Q

Psychotropic Medication

A

Drugs taken which effect the mental state and are used to treat mental disorders.

270
Q

Quadiplegia

A

Loss of function of the legs, trunk, and arms.

271
Q

Qualified Medication Aide (QMA)

A

A certified nursing assistant who has completed required state training and has completed examination in an effort to administer medications and certain treatments in accordance with the specific scope of practice of the QMA.

272
Q

Radial Pulse

A

The pulse site found on the inside of the wrist.

273
Q

Range of Motion

A

Exercise which put a joint through its full range of motion.

274
Q

Rationalization

A

Making excuses to justify a situation.

275
Q

Reality Orientation

A

Using calendars, clocks, signs, and lists to assist/cue residents with cognitive impairment.

276
Q

Registered Dietician (RD)

A

A professional who creates special diets for residents with specific needs and plans menus to ensure residents’ nutritional needs are met.

277
Q

Registered Nurse (RN)

A

A licensed professional who has completed 2 to 4 years of nursing education and has completed the examination for licensure.

278
Q

Regression

A

Going back to an old, immature behavior.

279
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Services managed by professionals to restore a resident to their highest practicable level of functioning following a loss of ability to function due to illness or injury.

280
Q

Reminiscence Therapy

A

Used to encourage patients to talk about the past.

281
Q

Repetitive Phrasing

A

Continually repeating the same thing over and over.

282
Q

Repression

A

Blocking painful thoughts or feelings from the mind.

283
Q

Female Reproductive System

A

Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Vulva, Breasts.

284
Q

Ovaries

A

Produce estrogen, progesterone, and ova (eggs).

285
Q

Fallopian Tubes

A

Carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.

286
Q

Uterus

A

Muscular sac where the eggs can develop.

287
Q

Vulva

A

External genitalia including the labia and clitoris.

288
Q

Breasts

A

Holds mammary glands which produce nutrients for infants.

289
Q

Male Reproductive System

A

Testes, Scrotum, Prostate Gland, Penis.

290
Q

Testes

A

Glands that produce testosterone and sperm.

291
Q

Scrotum

A

Sac which contains the testes.

292
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Gland which produces the seminal fluid for sperm.

293
Q

Penis

A

External organ through which ejaculation and urination occurs.

294
Q

Reservoir

A

Where pathogens live and multiply.

295
Q

Resident Rights

A

Rights identified by OBRA relative to residents in long term care facilities. Informs residents and others of the residents’ rights within the facility.

296
Q

Respiration

A

The process of breathing air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs.

297
Q

Respiratory Therapist

A

Provides breathing treatments and special equipment for respiratory conditions.

298
Q

Restorative Services

A

A planned approach to keep the resident at the level achieved by rehabilitation following formal rehabilitation.

299
Q

Restraints

A

To physically restrict voluntary movement or use chemicals to revise/restrict resident behavior.

300
Q

Reverse Push-Up

A

Asking a resident to lift up their buttocks using their arms in a reverse push-up.

301
Q

Risk Factor

A

A characteristic, condition, or behavior that increases the possibility of injury.

302
Q

Room Change

A

Resident moves to another room in the same facility with the same status.

303
Q

Rotation

A

Turning of a joint.

304
Q

Scabies

A

A contagious skin infection that occurs among humans and other animals. Caused by a tiny, and usually not directly visible, parasite which burrows under the host’s skin; causing intense allergic itching.

305
Q

Scald

A

Burn caused by hot liquids in contact with the skin.

306
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A complex mental disorder that makes it difficult to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences, to think logically, and to behave normally in social situations.

307
Q

Scope of Practice

A

The tasks for which a nurse aide is trained, and thus is allowed to do.

308
Q

Nurse Aide Duties

A

Feeding residents, helping residents with toileting and elimination needs, assisting residents to move safely around the facility, keeping resident’s living areas neat and clean, encouraging residents to eat and drink, caring for supplies and equipment, helping to bathe and dress residents, making beds, helping residents with oral care and other hygiene needs. Not limited to this list.

309
Q

Seizure (Convulsions)

A

Sudden contractions of muscles due to a disturbance in brain activity.

310
Q

Semi-Fowler’s Position

A

Head of the bed is elevated 30 to 45 degrees.

311
Q

Shear

A

Skin stays in one position, but underlying bone and tissue roll in the opposite direction.

312
Q

Shock

A

State of being when the vital parts of the body (brain, heart, and lungs) do not get enough blood.

313
Q

Side Rail

A

A barrier device attached to the side of a bed.

314
Q

Skilled Care

A

Medically necessary care given by a nurse or therapist.

315
Q

Slang

A

Terms/words used that may be specific to a generation and easily recognizable and/or easily misinterpreted by a resident.

316
Q

Social Worker (SW)

A

An individual who helps residents with psycho-social needs and assists to arrange needed services.

317
Q

Splint

A

Device that remains in place at the direction of the physician to maintain a body part in a fixed position.

318
Q

Speech Therapist (ST) or Speech Language Pathologist (SLP)

A

A therapist who helps residents with speech and swallowing problems.

319
Q

Speech Therapy

A

Formal therapy which assists residents with speech and swallowing problems.

320
Q

Standard 14

A

The nurse aide will perform only the tasks in the course standards and Resident Care Procedures manual, unless trained appropriately by licensed staff of the facility with policies and procedures and a system for ongoing monitoring to assure compliance with the tasks. This additional training would only apply for tasks, which are not prohibited by paragraphs 2 and 3 of this section and by the current rule, which prohibits the giving of injections.

The nurse aide will not perform any invasive procedures, including enemas and rectal temperatures, checking for and/or removing fecal impactions, instillation of any fluids through any tubing, or administering vaginal or rectal instillations.

The nurse aide will not administer any medications, perform treatment, or apply/remove any dressings. Exception to the above would be the application of creams/ointments to intact skin as moisture barrier cream.

321
Q

Stress

A

The state of being frightened, excited, confused, in danger, or irritated; which can result in an emotional and/or physical response.

322
Q

Stressor

A

Something that causes stress.

323
Q

Sputum

A

Fluid that is coughed up.

324
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Treating all blood, body fluid, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they are infected.

325
Q

Sterilization

A

Destroys all microorganisms, not just pathogens.

326
Q

Stoma

A

The opening of an ostomy.

327
Q

Stretcher

A

Gurney; Device for transporting residents unable to use a wheelchair or walk. A means of transporting the severely ill or an immobile resident.

328
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue

A

The lowest layer of skin; fatty tissue.

329
Q

Subjective Information

A

Information that could not be, or was not, observed. The information is based on what a person thinks or something that was reported by another person that may or may not be true.

330
Q

Sundowning

A

Behavioral changes that occur in the evening with improvement or disappearance during the day.

331
Q

Supination

A

Turning upward.

332
Q

Supine Position

A

Lying flat on back.

333
Q

Suppository

A

Medication given rectally to cause a bowel movement.

334
Q

Susceptible Host

A

The person who could be infected (the elderly, persons who aren’t in good health, people who do not follow proper infection control precautions).

335
Q

Systemic Infection

A

Infection that occurs when pathogens enter one’s bloodstream and move throughout the body causing general symptoms.

336
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

The top number. The phase when the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood from the left ventricle. The pressure in the arteries when the heart beats.

337
Q

Terminal Illness

A

A disease or condition that will eventually cause death.

338
Q

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

A

No nutrition is given through other routes, only intravenously.

339
Q

Transfer

A

Moving the resident from one surface to another.

340
Q

Transfer Belt (Gait Belt)

A

A safety belt used to assist the resident who is weak or unsteady during transfers or walking.

341
Q

Transmission Based Precautions

A

Special precautions implemented on the basis of how the disease spreads.

342
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

A bacterial infection that affects the lungs causing coughing, difficulty breathing, fever, and fatigue. It is an airborne disease, carried on droplets suspended in the air.

343
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

344
Q

Unoccupied Bed

A

A bed made while no resident is in the bed.

345
Q

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

A

A strain of enterococcus that cannot be controlled with antibiotics. It is spread through direct and indirect contact.

346
Q

Verbal Communication

A

Written or spoken messages.

347
Q

Validation Therapy

A

Allows the resident to believe they live in imaginary circumstances. Staff let the residents believe what the resident is saying, without trying to enforce current reality.

348
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

349
Q

Vitamins

A

Organic compounds obtained from one’s diet or dietary supplements; helps the body function.

350
Q

Void

A

Urination.

351
Q

Walker

A

Assistive device used for support and steadiness.

352
Q

Wandering

A

Walking aimlessly around the facility.

353
Q

Water

A

H2O; The most essential nutrient for life.

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