Key Points For Muscles

Question 1

Name the three types of muscles

Answer 1

In voluntary, voluntary and cardiac

Question 2

Muscles have four main functions name them

Answer 2

Number 1 producing movement, number to stabilise in the body, number three storing substances, number four generating heat

Question 3

Name three important key points of muscle action

Answer 3

A muscle can only pull across the joint or joints it crosses and in its line of fibre

Muscles work in pairs

Muscles attach to bone via a tendon onto the aponeurosis of other muscles or directly into the bone

Question 4

What is the main muscle responsible for movement known as

Answer 4

Prime mover or agonist

Question 5

What is the name of the muscle which produces the opposite movement to the prime mover e.g. the agonist

Answer 5

Antagonist

Question 6

What is the name given to the muscles which help fix the body in the correct position to allow other movements to take place

Answer 6

Fixator muscles

Question 7

What is the name given to the muscles which help the prime movers to achieve its goal

Answer 7

Synergist muscles

Question 8

There are specific changes to muscle for certain populations what are these in children.

Answer 8

Children inherit the amount of muscle fibres they have. Muscle growth does not keep up with bone growth. Muscle growth varies depending on age gender and body type.

Question 9

What is the structure of a muscle from largest to smallest

Answer 9

See diagram on page 42 this is to be completed

Question 10

What are the changes to muscle in pregnancy

Answer 10

The hormone relaxin is responsible for increasing the pliability of muscle connective-tissue especially in the late stages of pregnancy.

Question 11

How is the body affected during pregnancy and what exercise adaptions should you make

Answer 11

Balance and coordination and increased flexibility

Short maintenance stretches as opposed to development stretches to avoid Damaging connective tissue

Question 12

What happens to the muscles with age

Answer 12

After the age of 40 loss of muscle mass, power and strength and endurance.

This means less support to the skeleton, gradual changes in posture and motor skills especially coordination and balance. This could increase the chance of a fall

Question 13

What affects can disability have on the muscles

Answer 13

There are a range of medical conditions and disabilities which have an impact on the function of the skeletal system

Question 14

The structure of a muscle component from largest to smallest. Name seven

Answer 14

Fascia, bundles of muscle fibres, muscle fibre, myofibril, sarcomere, myosin filament, actin filament

Question 15

What are muscle fibre is always in a slight state of

Answer 15

Tension

Question 16

What are muscles linked to the nervous system bye

Answer 16

Nerves

Question 17

What does a motor unit consist of

Answer 17

A motor nerve, motor endplate, and all the muscle fibres contained within the unit

Question 18

Muscles work on an

Answer 18

All or nothing principal

Question 19

What affects the strength of a muscle contraction

Answer 19

The number of motor units activated and The frequency of nerve impulses

Question 20

Slow twitch, type one, slow oxidative fibres are red in colour. What are they best equipped for

Answer 20

Endurance work. They are slow to contract and slow to fatigue.

Question 21

Fast twitch, Type II, fast glycolytic fibres, White, or best equipped for what type of work

Answer 21

Strength work as they are Fast to contract and fast to fatigue

Question 22

Fast twitch type 2 B fast glycolytic muscle fibres are pink in colour and are best equipped for what type of work

Answer 22

Work that requires a high force quickly. They contract with high force rapidly but fatigue rapidly

Question 23

What is the difference between fast twitch type two and fast twitch type 2 B muscle fibres

Answer 23

Type II is white in colour and is best equipped for strength work as they are fast to contract and fast tofatigue

Type 2 B is pink in colour and and is best equipped for work that requires a high force quickly they contract with high force rapidly but fatigue rapidly

Question 24

Name the three types of muscle contraction

Answer 24

Concentric, eccentric and static note, static is also known as isometric

Question 25

What is a concentric contraction

Answer 25

When a muscle shortens against a resistance

Question 26

What is an eccentric contraction

Answer 26

The muscle lengthens against the resistance

Question 27

Together what are eccentric and concentric contraction is referred to as

Answer 27

Isotonic contractions

Question 28

And isometric, also known as static, contraction is when, explain

Answer 28

A muscle is actively engaged in holding a static position

Question 29

What are the names given to where the muscle starts and the point where it ends

Answer 29

Attachment where the muscle starts is called the origin and the point where it ends is called the insertion

Question 30

Name muscles at the front of the body

Answer 30

Deltoids, biceps, pectoralis major, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, oblique’s, internal and external, quadriceps, adductors, iliopsis Tibialis anterior

Question 31

Muscles at the back of the body

Answer 31

Triceps, trapezius brackets upper mid and lower brackets rhomboids, gluteus maximus, erector spinae, latissimus Dorsey, abductors, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, Solias