Anatomy and physiologySkeletal system and bones Flashcards
How many bones has there human body and how many do we need to know about in this section
206 but only need to know about 26
The skeleton is divided into two parts name them and describe
The axle skeleton which is the skull ribs and spine and the appendicular skeleton which forns The upper and lower limbs, the pelvic girdle i.e. the hip girdle and the pectoral girdle i.e. the shoulder girdle
What are the five main functions of the skeleton
Movement, storage, shape, protection, production
Movement the skeleton provides a series of independent movable long bones which act as leavers, muscles attach onto these levers And when they contract they pull on the bones causing movement!
Storage, bones act as Storage for minerals such as calcium and magnesium phosphate. Both of which are essential for bone growth and health. Bone owes its hardness and strength to these mineral deposits.
Protection, the skeleton protect the delicate internal structure and vital organs
Shape, the skeleton gives the body its characteristic shape and the framework for attachment of muscles to the be. Mody and there are three main body types 1. Ectomorph, 2. Endomorph and 3. Mesomorph.
Production, the bone marrow contained within certain bones constantly producer red and white blood cells
Name and describe the three types of skeleton shape
Ectomorph are typically tall and thin with narrow hips shoulders and chest
Endomorph have a rounded appearance with wide hips and narrow shoulders
Mesomorph have a muscular physique with wide shoulders and narrow hips
What affects has exaggerated curvature of the spine on the body
i.e lordosis, scoliosis and kyphosis
Stiffness tenderness back pain and lack of mobility
Explain the clavicles, scapula and sternum and how they fit together
The clavicles are Two doubly curved Long slender bones that run horizontally across the top of the chest and articulate at the top of the shoulder, with the scapula in a gliding synovial joint and at the front with the top end of the sternum. This is a synovial saddle joint and also has a cartalogininist that absorbs considerable stress! This joint is so strong that the clavicle would be more likely to break if falling on your shoulder!
Name the major bones in the body from 14 posterior and 12 anterior view
Front view: Clavicle, sternum, humorous, Illium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, patella, tibia, tarsals metatarsals and phalanges.
Rear view, cranium, cervical vertebrae, Thoracica vertebrae, Lumbar vertibrae, coccyx, ribs, scapula, radius, ulna, carpels, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, fibula
What is the skeletal system made up of?
Bones joints and cartilage,
Describe the scapula in detail
E.g. what it looks like and where it is located
Are roughly triangular shaped thin flat bones that partially covered the back of ribs 2 to 7. The posterior surface of the scapula has a raised ridge along its length that ends in a large hole called the acromion process.
What does The pelvic girdle comprise of
Two upper hip bones (i.e illium), sacrum, pubis synthesis and ischium
illium connect at the back with the sacrum and at the front with the pubis synthesis which is a small piece of cartilage which joins the two halves), and the ischium in the lower pelvis.
what joints form the FEMUR and at what junction do they connect
Has a ball and socket joint at the junction with the pelvis and a hinge joint at the junction with the knee.
Describe the fibula
The fibula is a relatively thin bone which lies on the outside of the lower leg, this makes it vulnerable and commonly broken in sports such as football and kickboxing
How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae and explain what the first two are called and what they do
7 vertebrae, bones. Situated in the neck the first vertebrae is called the Atlas bone which ssupports the skull and forms a pivot joint with the second vertebrae, the axis. This pivot joint allows us to turn our head from side to side.
How many vertibrae are in the thoracic vertibrae and what do they form joints with to produce and what do they protect, and what do they look like?
12 vertebrae form joints with the ribs to produce the rip cage which protects the heart and lungs as well as the abdominal organs from injury. Intermediate in size and get larger as I progress down the spine.
Lumbar vertebrae explain
5 bones. Largest of all.Most common culprit of lower back pain due to the amount of movement that takes place here.
Sacral vertebrae, and coccygeal, how many bones and explain
5 bones, fused to form the sacrum joining the two halves of the pelvis together. The coccyx 3 to 5 fused vertebrae and attached to the bottom of the sacrum.
A normal spine has 4 natural curves which are named after the vertebrae that form them.
What are their names and associations and what is the purpose of these curves
Cervical curve is forward convex Thoracic curve backwards concave Lumbar curve forward Sacral curve backward. The purpoe of these curves is to centre the skull over the rest of the body to walk more easily and maintain upright posture also reduced the amount of impact on the skeleton by dispersing shock and protecting The brain from shockwaves that occur from movement
What is the glenoid cavity
Diagram of the humorous and scapula sharing a depression , The Glenoid cavity, laterally at the top of the scapula this forms a socket that the head of the humorous sits into forming a synovial ball and socket joint.
Where does the word clavicle get its name from? and what actions support this name?
It is the Latin word for little key, as the bone rotates along its access like a little key when the shoulder is abducted I.e. lifted out to the side this is also the most commonly broken bone in the body.
Scapula i.e. shoulder blade, explain movements
It has two unique movements, first, it moves sideways around the ribs in a traction and retraction movement and second, in the abduction and adduction movement.
The humorous bone explain
Upper arm bone. Pronounced in the same way as humorous i.e. funny, the ulna nerve that runs down to your elbow is the one that if you hit you describe as hitting it your funny bone
Radius and ulna explain
The radius is named after the round disklike head that connects it to the humorous this head rotates at the elbow to enable you to perform the palm up palm down motion without any movement at your elbow. The ulna sits underneath the palm radius The radius rotates to turn the hand over the ulna only flexes and extends as it is a hinge joint
The pelvic girdle has the same function as the shoulder girdle, however
Because the pelvis supports the weight-bearing lower limbs it must provide greater stability The trade off is a reduced range of motion particularly at the ball and socket hip joint compared to the ball and socket joint of the shoulder
Give three examples
What is the main difference between the male and female skeleton
Female skeleton is designed primarily to allow for childbirth so the hole in the middle of the pelvic bone is slightly wider And the gap filled by the cartilage of the pubis synthesis is also bigger. They are also a slightly different shape
What is the difference between the pelvic girdle and the shoulder girdle?
Both have the same function, however, because the pelvis supports the weight there in lower limbs it must provide greater stability, The trade off is a reduced range of motion particularly at the ball and socket joint when compared to the ball and socket shoulder joint and the female pelvis is a slightly different shape to the male pelvis
