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Kin 1A03 > Joints & Movement > Flashcards

Joints & Movement Flashcards

1
Q

major structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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2
Q

joints classified by motion

A

synarthrosis - nonmovable
amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
diarthrosis - freely moveable

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3
Q

fibrous joints

A 
bones united by fibrous CT
- no joint cavity
- no movement: or v small amt
-- a fib bc they don't move
3 types: 
sutures
syndesmosis
interossrus membrane
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4
Q

sutures

A

seams joined by dense irregular collagenous CT
irregularly locking bony edges
fontanels: newborns - membrane formed b/w these areas & allows for flexibility and rapid growth of the brain
- harden b/w 1-24 months

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5
Q

where are the main sutures of the skull located

A

coronal suture - b/w frontal & parietal bones
sagittal suture - b/w parietal bones
lambdoid suture - b/w parietal & occipital bones

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6
Q

syndesmosis

A

bones further apart than in a suture, joined by ligaments

  • dense irregular CT
  • some movement (most are amphiarthritic)
    ex. anterior tibiofibular ligament allows for slight movement of bones at distal end
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7
Q

syndesmosis example

A

gomphoses

  • peg & socket joint
  • bundles of irregular collagenous (periodontal ligaments)
  • joints b/w teeth and alveolar processes (sockets)
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8
Q

interosseus membrane

A

sheet of dense irregular CT

- binds neighbouring long bones and allows for amphiarthrosis

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9
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

bones united by hyaline or fibrocartilage
2 types:
synchondrosis
symphysis

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10
Q

synchondrosis

A
  • joined by hyaline cartilage
  • no movement (synarthrosis)
  • often temporary joints and end up ossifying
    ex. epiphyseal growth plates
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11
Q

symphysis

A
  • bones united w fibrocartilage
  • somewhat flexible bc of the fibrocartilage
    ex. coxal bones w pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks
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12
Q

synovial joints

A
  • contain synovial fluid: a serum filtrate that contains proteins, fats, cells , carbs (hyaluronic acid)
  • allow for a great deal of motion
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13
Q

hyaluronic acid

A

decreases wear on joints, allows them to be freely moveable

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14
Q

articular joint capsule

A

continuous w outer layer of periosteum
2 parts:
fibrous membrane/capsule (outer)
synovial membrane

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15
Q

fibrous membrane/ capsule

A

contains blood vessels and nerves but doesn’t penetrate synovial membrane
thus - nutrients either diffuse through synovial membrane or are received from bone

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16
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines all bone (incl on fibrous membrane) except where articular cartilage is

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17
Q

articular cartilage

A

found on bone where bone would be touching one another

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18
Q

bursae

A

sac-like structure filled w synovial fluid
cushions movement of one body part over another
- an extension on the synovial cavity which contains synovial fluid, helping to reduce friction

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19
Q

tendon sheaths

A

tube like bursae that wrap around tendons subject to a lot of friction

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20
Q

menisci

A

crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage found within the joint capsule b/w bones

21
Q

types of synovial joints

A 
plane
hinge
pivot
ellipsoid/ condyloid
saddle
ball & socket
22
Q

mnemonic for remembering types of synovial joints

A 
place
hannah's 
phys
ed
shoes 
back
23
Q

movements of synovial joints

A

uniaxial
biaxial
multiaxial/triaxial

24
Q

uniaxial

A

movement in one plane

25
Q

biaxial

A

movement in 2 planes

26
Q

multiaxial (triaxial)

A

movement in a variety of directions

- usually occurs at symmetrically shaped joints

27
Q

plane joint

A 
aka gliding joints
2 flat surfaces that come in contact w one another
held tightly together by ligaments 
- biaxial or multiaxial
ex tarsals
28
Q

hinge joint

A

concave body surface articulates w convex bony surface

  • uniaxial
  • can flex or extend joint
    ex. elbow, ankle, knee joint
29
Q

pivot joint

A

cylindrical process rotating in a ring held in place by ligaments

  • uniaxial
  • allows rotation in a single axis, pronation, supination
    ex. radial notch and head of radius or atlandoaxial joint b/w C1 and C2 vertebrae
30
Q

ellipsoid joint

A

oval concave surface articulates w oval convex surface
- can’t undergo rotation bc one side is longer than the other
- biaxial
ex athlantoccipital joints, knuckle joints

31
Q

saddle joint

A

2 saddle shaped surfaces at right angles to each other

  • biaxial
    ex. trapezium and metacarpal of thumb
32
Q

ball and socket joint

A

most moveable - multiaxial
- spherical surface articulates w a concave depression
- degree of movement dependent upon deepness of socket and how spherical the ball is
large ROM but unstable
ex. hip and shoulder joints
allows for circumduction, rotation movements

33
Q

types of movements at synovial joints

A

gliding
angular
rotation
special movements

34
Q

gliding movements

A

usually at plane joints

  • movement can be in many planes but is often limited by CT and body structures surrounding it
    ex. vertebrae and carpals
35
Q

angular movements

A

flexion / extension / hyperextension
abduction / adduction
circumduction

36
Q

flexion/extension

A

flex- bend/decrease angle or movement in anterior direction

extension- straighten/ increase angle or movement in posterior direction

37
Q

hyperextension

A

extends beyond anatomical position

38
Q

abduction/adduction

A

abduct: movement away from the midline
adduct: move towards midline

39
Q

radial deviation

A

abduction of the wrist

40
Q

ulnar deviation

A

adduction of the wrist

41
Q

circumduction

A

can occur at any joint that can undergo all of adduction, abduction, flexion and extension

42
Q

rotation

A

turning a structure around its long axis

43
Q

special movements

A

movements that are specific to only 1 or 2 joints

44
Q

elevation/depression

A

scapula, mandible

elevation: moves a structure superiorly
depression: moves a structure inferiorly

45
Q

protraction/retraction

A

scapula, clavicle, mandible

protraction: anterior movement in transverse plane (forward)
retraction: posterior movement in transverse plane (backwards)

46
Q

inversion/eversion

A

intertarsal

inversion: plantar surface faces medially (think INwards)
eversion: plantar surfaces faces laterally

47
Q

plantar flexion/dorsiflexion

A

ankle
plantar flexion: movement toward the plantar surface of foot (think PLANTing your foot)
dorsiflexion: movement away from the plantar surface

48
Q

pronation/supination

A

rotation of forearm

pronation: palm posterior (PPP)
supination: palm anterior (hold soup)

49
Q

opposition/reposition

A
  • allows us to have manual dexterity
    opposition: when the thumb and little finger are brought together - can occur w other fingers too, just req’s some flexion on their part
    reposition: return of hand/fingers to normal

Kin 1A03 (12 decks)

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