Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
appendicular skeleton
126 bones
upper and lower limbs & pelvic and pectoral girdles
girdle
attachment site b/w axial and appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdle
consists of bones of the scapula and clavicle
sternoclavicular joint
clavicle articulates medially with the sternum at the manubrium
- the only joint that holds the pectoral girdle - the rest is held together by muscles and allows for large ROM
acromioclavicular joint
clavicle articulates laterally with the scapula
glenohumeral joint
upper limb attaches to pectoral girdle (head of humerus to glenoid cavity)
- ball and socket joint
scapula held in place only by muscles, no joints thus lots of movement can occur
coracoid process
point of attachment for ligaments & muscles
- underneath clavicle so that muscle and ligaments don’t pull on it
curvature of the clavicle
on acromial (lateral) end: concave on sternal (medial) end: convex - where two curves meet, clavicle is weakest and breaks here most commonly when you fall
the humerus: bone markings on superior portion
greater tubercle - lateral
lesser tubercle - anterior
intertubercular sulcus - provides place for tendon of biceps to sit
capitulum
rounded articular surface on distal portion of humerus
- forms pivot joint w head of radius, allows for pronation, supination and radius can cross ulna this way
trochlea and coracoid process
loc on distal portion of humerus
- makes up hinge joint of elbow w ulna
olecranon of ulna
fits into olecranon fossa of humerus
styloid process(es)
located on distal portions of both the radius and ulna
- provide a spot for ligaments to attach to
radiocarpal joint
wrist joint
- ellipsoid joint, allows for side to side movement and forwards and backward flexion
carpal bones
2 rows of 4 bones (proximal and distal)
- from lat to medial the bones are
proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
mnemonic for remembering carpal bones
lateral to medial silly====== scaphoid looking == lunate tall ====== triquetrium people == pisiform talk ===== trapezium to ====== trapezoid chris ==== capitate hemsworth = hamate
metacarpals
5 bones that make up the hand
numbered 1-5 lateral to medial (starting at thumb)
head of metacarpal forms knuckle w proximal phalange
- 3 parts of a metacarpal (base -prox. , shaft, head- dist.)
phalanges of hand
digits II-V each have 3 bones (proximal, middle, distal)
- thumb has 2 bones (proximal, distal)
pelvis
coxal bones (hip bones): composed of 3 fused bones:
- ilium: most superior
- pubis: anterior and inferior
- ischium: posterior and inferior
acetabulum
where ilium, ischium and pubis meet to form a fossa where the lower limb articulates w the pelvis
obturator foramen
where obturator nerve travels down to lower limbs
pubic symphysis
where coxal bones articulate anteriorly
- composed of fibrocartilage
femur
longest strongest bone in the body
neck is most common site for fractures bc long and narrow
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
- connects to anterior surface of tibia and posterior surface of femur
- limits too much extension of the knee
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
- attaches to posterior surface of tibia and posterior surface of femur
- prevents posterior translation of tibia and limits hyperflexion of the knee
MCL
medial collateral ligament
- prevents lateral displacement of patella
tibia
weight bearing bone
- medial and lateral condyles articulate w condyles of the femur & act as POA for muscles
medial malleolus
loc on tibia
forms medial side of ankle bone
fibula
lateral bone of leg
NOT weight bearing
head is POA for muscle attachments
lateral malleolus
loc on fibula
forms lateral side of ankle joint
bones of the foot
tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
name the tarsals
talus - articulates w tib and fib calcaneus navicular third cuneiform second cuneiform first cuneiform cuboid
metatarsals
numbered 1-5 medial to lateral (bc great toe is medial)
phalanges of feet
II-V have 3 bones (proximal, middle, distal)
1st has 2 bones (proximal, hallux)
