Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

126 bones

upper and lower limbs & pelvic and pectoral girdles

Question 2

girdle

Answer 2

attachment site b/w axial and appendicular skeleton

Question 3

pectoral girdle

Answer 3

consists of bones of the scapula and clavicle

Question 4

sternoclavicular joint

Answer 4

clavicle articulates medially with the sternum at the manubrium
- the only joint that holds the pectoral girdle - the rest is held together by muscles and allows for large ROM

Question 5

acromioclavicular joint

Answer 5

clavicle articulates laterally with the scapula

Question 6

glenohumeral joint

Answer 6

upper limb attaches to pectoral girdle (head of humerus to glenoid cavity)
- ball and socket joint
scapula held in place only by muscles, no joints thus lots of movement can occur

Question 7

coracoid process

Answer 7

point of attachment for ligaments & muscles

- underneath clavicle so that muscle and ligaments don’t pull on it

Question 8

curvature of the clavicle

Answer 8

on acromial (lateral) end: concave
on sternal (medial) end: convex
- where two curves meet, clavicle is weakest and breaks here most commonly when you fall

Question 9

the humerus: bone markings on superior portion

Answer 9

greater tubercle - lateral
lesser tubercle - anterior
intertubercular sulcus - provides place for tendon of biceps to sit

Question 10

capitulum

Answer 10

rounded articular surface on distal portion of humerus

- forms pivot joint w head of radius, allows for pronation, supination and radius can cross ulna this way

Question 11

trochlea and coracoid process

Answer 11

loc on distal portion of humerus

- makes up hinge joint of elbow w ulna

Question 12

olecranon of ulna

Answer 12

fits into olecranon fossa of humerus

Question 13

styloid process(es)

Answer 13

located on distal portions of both the radius and ulna

- provide a spot for ligaments to attach to

Question 14

radiocarpal joint

Answer 14

wrist joint

- ellipsoid joint, allows for side to side movement and forwards and backward flexion

Question 15

carpal bones

Answer 15

2 rows of 4 bones (proximal and distal)

• from lat to medial the bones are
  proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
  distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 16

mnemonic for remembering carpal bones

Answer 16

lateral to medial
silly====== scaphoid
looking == lunate
tall ====== triquetrium
people == pisiform
talk ===== trapezium
to ====== trapezoid
chris ==== capitate
hemsworth = hamate

Question 17

metacarpals

Answer 17

5 bones that make up the hand
numbered 1-5 lateral to medial (starting at thumb)
head of metacarpal forms knuckle w proximal phalange
- 3 parts of a metacarpal (base -prox. , shaft, head- dist.)

Question 18

phalanges of hand

Answer 18

digits II-V each have 3 bones (proximal, middle, distal)

- thumb has 2 bones (proximal, distal)

Question 19

pelvis

Answer 19

coxal bones (hip bones): composed of 3 fused bones:

• ilium: most superior
• pubis: anterior and inferior
• ischium: posterior and inferior

Question 20

acetabulum

Answer 20

where ilium, ischium and pubis meet to form a fossa where the lower limb articulates w the pelvis

Question 21

obturator foramen

Answer 21

where obturator nerve travels down to lower limbs

Question 22

pubic symphysis

Answer 22

where coxal bones articulate anteriorly

- composed of fibrocartilage

Question 23

femur

Answer 23

longest strongest bone in the body

neck is most common site for fractures bc long and narrow

Question 24

ACL

Answer 24

anterior cruciate ligament

• connects to anterior surface of tibia and posterior surface of femur
• limits too much extension of the knee

Question 25

PCL

Answer 25

posterior cruciate ligament - attaches to posterior surface of tibia and posterior surface of femur - prevents posterior translation of tibia and limits hyperflexion of the knee

Question 26

MCL

Answer 26

medial collateral ligament | - prevents lateral displacement of patella

Question 27

tibia

Answer 27

weight bearing bone | - medial and lateral condyles articulate w condyles of the femur & act as POA for muscles

Question 28

medial malleolus

Answer 28

loc on tibia | forms medial side of ankle bone

Question 29

fibula

Answer 29

lateral bone of leg NOT weight bearing head is POA for muscle attachments

Question 30

lateral malleolus

Answer 30

loc on fibula | forms lateral side of ankle joint

Question 31

bones of the foot

Answer 31

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 32

name the tarsals

Answer 32

``` talus - articulates w tib and fib calcaneus navicular third cuneiform second cuneiform first cuneiform cuboid ```

Question 33

metatarsals

Answer 33

numbered 1-5 medial to lateral (bc great toe is medial)

Question 34

phalanges of feet

Answer 34

II-V have 3 bones (proximal, middle, distal) | 1st has 2 bones (proximal, hallux)