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Kin 1A03 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

two divisions of motor division of PNS:

A

somatic

autonomic

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2
Q

somatic NS

A
  • AP comes from lateral gray horn of SC & is carried by myelinated neuron
  • excitatory response in skeletal muscle, never inhibitory
  • at effector, NT released is acetylcholine, causes muscle to contract
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3
Q

autonomic NS

A
  • AP comes from anterior gray horn of SC (cell body is in lateral horn or brainstem)
  • 2 neuron system:
    preganglionic neuron synapses w postganglionic neuron at autonomic ganglion
  • effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
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4
Q

preganglionic neuron

A
  • has origins in CNS
  • myelinated
  • releases acetylcholine at autonomic ganglion
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5
Q

postganglionic neuron

A
  • extends from synapse at ganglion outside of CNS to the effector/ target tissue
  • unmyelinated
  • NT released is either acetylcholine or norepinephrine
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6
Q

divisions of the ANS

A

2 main:
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
also enteric division

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7
Q

sympathetic division

A 
aka thoracolumbar division
- origins in lateral horn of SC from T1-L2, exit through ventral root
- uses 2 types of ganglia:
sympathetic trunk ganglia/chain ganglia
prevertebral/collateral ganglia
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8
Q

sympathetic trunk ganglia/chain ganglia

A

chains of ganglia close to SC

form 2 chains on either side of SC

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9
Q

prevertebral ganglia/collateral ganglia

A

closer to effectors or target tissues

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10
Q

there are 4 routes of sympathetic axons; tell me about the 1st

A
  1. preganglionic leaves CNS w spinal nerve, synapse in chain ganglion, postganglionic nerve re-joins spinal nerve at anterior ramus
    target: skin of neck, trunk limbs
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11
Q

there are 4 routes of sympathetic axons; tell me about the 2nd

A
  1. exit CNS w spinal nerve, synapse in chain ganglion, post ganglionic neuron called a sympathetic neuron and goes directly to target tissue
    target: heart & lungs
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12
Q

there are 4 routes of sympathetic axons; tell me about the 3rd

A
  1. preganglionic neuron passes through chain ganglion w/o synapse and instead synapses in collateral ganglion
    - after preganglionic nerve leaves sympathetic chain ganglion, it is called the splanchnic nerve
    target: abdominopelvic organs
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13
Q

there are 4 routes of sympathetic axons; tell me about the 4th

A
  1. preganglionic neuron bypasses both chain ganglion and collateral ganglion ad synapses w cells of adrenal medulla. this stimulates them to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood where they act as hormones
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14
Q

parasympathetic division

A

aka craniosarcal division

- cell bodies assoc w nuclei of cranial nerves III, VIII, IX, X and also lateral gray horn of SC S2-S4

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15
Q

terminal ganglia

A

where preganglionic axons synapse w postganglionic axons in the parasympathetic NS

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16
Q

pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

supply smooth muscle and gland control of colon, bladder and reproductive organs

17
Q

cranial nerve III is responsible for

A

ciliary muscles, sphincter pupillae

18
Q

cranial nerve VII is responsible for

A

glands for tears and nasal secretions

19
Q

cranial nerve IX is responsible for

A

parotid salivary gland

20
Q

cranial nerve X is responsible for

A
  • has many branches

- heart, pulmonary, GI systems

21
Q

NT secreted by sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

A

pre: cholinergic
post: adrenergic

22
Q

NT secreted by parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

A

pre: cholinergic
post: cholinergic

23
Q

cholinergic receptors

A
  • acetylcholine can be either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on which receptors them bind to
    2 classes: nicotenic and muscarinic
24
Q

nicotenic receptors

A
  • excitatory only
  • open Na+ channels
  • located on cell bodies of postganglionic neurons in both sympathetic and parasympathetic
  • also found on muscle cell plasma membranes at the neuromuscular junction
25
Q

muscarinic receptors

A
  • excitatory or inhibitory response
  • found on effector cells that respond to acetylcholine from postganglionic neurons (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)
26
Q

adrenergic receptors

A
  • bind w epinephrine & norepinephrine
  • found in most sympathetic NS effectors bc postganglionic symp neurons release norepinephrine
    2 classes: Alpha receptors (A1, A2) and Beta receptors (B1, B2)
    A1, B1 are for excitation
    A2, B2 are for inhibition
    diverse actions, dependant on receptor and tissue
27
Q

baroreceptors

A

receptors in walls of large arteries that detect stretch and changes in BP

28
Q

generalizations of the ANS

A
  1. both divisions produce stimulatory and inhibitory effects
  2. most organs receive dual innervation
  3. divisions usually have opposing effects
  4. produce cooperative effects (can stimulate several organs in a system to cooperate)
  5. general (symp bc of adrenal hormones) vs. local (parasymp) effects
  6. rest (parasymp: SLUDD) vs action (symp)
29
Q

SLUDD

A 
salivation
lacrimation
urination
digestion
defecation
30
Q

enteric division of ANS (sort of)

A

has nervous plexuses located in walls of digestive tract that contain nerve cell bodies vs just axons
- there are 3 points of nervous input into the GI tract

31
Q

3 points of nervous input into GI tract:

A
  1. digestive info goes to CNS
  2. ANS motor neurons connect CNS to digestive tract for control of smooth muscle, gland secretions
  3. Enteric neurons are controlled through autonomic reflexes
32
Q

3 major types of enteric neurons

A

sensory
motor
interneurons

33
Q

enteric sensory neurons

A

detect stretch and chemical composition of contents

34
Q

enteric motor neurons

A

stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle and control gland secretions

35
Q

enteric interneurons

A

connect sensory & motor neurons

- help create reflex loops to allow for rapid response to info that has been detected

Kin 1A03 (12 decks)

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