joints Flashcards
what are joints
points of contact between bones, cartilage and bone, teeth and bones
what are the two ways they are classified
by anatomy and by motion
what are joints supported by
ligaments, joint capsules and surrounding muscles
what are the 3 structural classifications
fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
what is a fibrous joint
has no cavity, just fibrous connective tissue - collagen rich
what is a cartilaginous joint
bones held together by cartilage
what is a synovial joint
have synovial cavity and dense irregular tissue of articular capsule and often ligaments
what are the function classifications of joints
synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses
what is a synarthroses joint
immoveable joint - pelvis and teeth
what is an amphiarthroses joint
slight movement -vertebrae, tibia-fibula
what is a diarthroses joint
free movement = synovial joints
what are the 3 types of fibrous joints
suture, syndesmosis and gomphosis
what kind of movement do fibrous joints have
little or no movement
what is a suture joint
fibrous joint
synarthrosis-immoveable = joined by a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
what is a syndesmosis joint
fibrous joint
amphiarthrosis - slight movement
-greater distance and amount of dense fibrous material
what is a gomphosis joint
fibrous joint
eg tooth root in socket
synarthrosis - immoveable
name the cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis and symphysis
what is a synchondrosis joint
hyaline cartilage, synarthrosis (immoveable)
what is a symphysis joint
fibrocartilage
amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
name features of synovial joints
synovial cavity
articular cartilage
articular capsule
synovial fluid
ligaments
some contain menisci
what is rheumatism
any painful state of supporting structures of the body such as bones, ligaments, tendons, joints and muscles
what is arthritis
several disorders characterized by inflammation of joints accompanied by stiffness
what is rheumatoid arthritis
an autoimmune disease characterized by an inflammation of the synovial membranes
what is osteoarthritis
a degenerative joint disease characterized by deterioration of the articular cartilage, it is non-inflammatory and generally effects weight bearing joints
what is gouty arthritis
sodium ureate crystals are deposited in the soft tissue of joints, causing inflammation, swelling and pain
what is a sprain
a forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint that stretches or tears its ligaments without dislocation
what is a strain
stretched or partially torn muscle
what happens during the ageing of joints
slowing of synovial fluid production
thinning of articular cartilage
ligaments shorten and lose flexibility
influenced by genetic factors
