joints

Question 1

what are joints

Answer 1

points of contact between bones, cartilage and bone, teeth and bones

Question 2

what are the two ways they are classified

Answer 2

by anatomy and by motion

Question 3

what are joints supported by

Answer 3

ligaments, joint capsules and surrounding muscles

Question 4

what are the 3 structural classifications

Answer 4

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

Question 5

what is a fibrous joint

Answer 5

has no cavity, just fibrous connective tissue - collagen rich

Question 6

what is a cartilaginous joint

Answer 6

bones held together by cartilage

Question 7

what is a synovial joint

Answer 7

have synovial cavity and dense irregular tissue of articular capsule and often ligaments

Question 8

what are the function classifications of joints

Answer 8

synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses

Question 9

what is a synarthroses joint

Answer 9

immoveable joint - pelvis and teeth

Question 10

what is an amphiarthroses joint

Answer 10

slight movement -vertebrae, tibia-fibula

Question 11

what is a diarthroses joint

Answer 11

free movement = synovial joints

Question 12

what are the 3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 12

suture, syndesmosis and gomphosis

Question 13

what kind of movement do fibrous joints have

Answer 13

little or no movement

Question 14

what is a suture joint

Answer 14

fibrous joint
synarthrosis-immoveable = joined by a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 15

what is a syndesmosis joint

Answer 15

fibrous joint
amphiarthrosis - slight movement
-greater distance and amount of dense fibrous material

Question 16

what is a gomphosis joint

Answer 16

fibrous joint
eg tooth root in socket
synarthrosis - immoveable

Question 17

name the cartilaginous joints

Answer 17

synchondrosis and symphysis

Question 18

what is a synchondrosis joint

Answer 18

hyaline cartilage, synarthrosis (immoveable)

Question 19

what is a symphysis joint

Answer 19

fibrocartilage
amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)

Question 20

name features of synovial joints

Answer 20

synovial cavity
articular cartilage
articular capsule
synovial fluid
ligaments
some contain menisci

Question 21

what is rheumatism

Answer 21

any painful state of supporting structures of the body such as bones, ligaments, tendons, joints and muscles

Question 22

what is arthritis

Answer 22

several disorders characterized by inflammation of joints accompanied by stiffness

Question 23

what is rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 23

an autoimmune disease characterized by an inflammation of the synovial membranes

Question 24

what is osteoarthritis

Answer 24

a degenerative joint disease characterized by deterioration of the articular cartilage, it is non-inflammatory and generally effects weight bearing joints

Question 25

what is gouty arthritis

Answer 25

sodium ureate crystals are deposited in the soft tissue of joints, causing inflammation, swelling and pain

Question 26

what is a sprain

Answer 26

a forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint that stretches or tears its ligaments without dislocation

Question 27

what is a strain

Answer 27

stretched or partially torn muscle

Question 28

what happens during the ageing of joints

Answer 28

slowing of synovial fluid production
thinning of articular cartilage
ligaments shorten and lose flexibility
influenced by genetic factors