hypothalamus, pituitary glands and pineal glands Flashcards
what are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland a link between
nervous and endocrine systems
how many hormones does the hypothalamic nerve cell synthesize
at least 9
how many hormones do the pituitary endocrine cells synthesise
7
what do the hypothalamus and pituitary regulate
growth, development, metabolism and homeostasis
how many lobes is the pituitary gland made of and what are they called
2, anterior and posterior
what do the hypophyseal portal veins do
connect capillaries in the hypothalamus to capillaries in the anterior pituitary
where do the axons of the hypothalamic neurons end
near capillaries of the hypothalumus
what does the human growth hormone (hGH) promote
synthesis of insulin-like growth factors called somatomedins
how often is hGH released
every 2 hours rougly
how is the release of the hGH regulated
blood glucose levels
when is the most amount of hGH released
during sleep
what does the thyroid stimulating hormone do
stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid hormone
explain FSH and LH in females
FSH initiates follicle development in the ovaries
LH and FSH together stimulate ovulation, formation of corpus luteum and secretion of progesterone
explain FSH and LH in males
FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes
LH stimulates release of testesterone
how is gonadotrophin releasing hormone supressed
by high levels of estrogen in females and high levels of testesterone in males
what does prolactin do
initiates and maintains milk production by mammary glands
what hormone suppresses prolactin release
prolactin inhibiting hormone
what stimulates prolactin releasing hormone
high levels of oestrogen
what is the functi9on of adrenocortcotrophic hormone (ACTH)
controls production and secretion of glucocotricoids (cortosol) from the adrenal cortex
what stimulates the release of ACTH
corticotrophin releasing hormone
also stress related stimuli
what amount of melanocyte-stimulating hormone circulates within the body
small amounts
what can excess melanocyte-stimulating hormone cause
skin darkening
where are posterior pituitary hormone synthesised
in the hypothalumus
where do the posterior pituitary hormones travel to once synthesised
down nerve axons to terminals in the posterior pituitary where they are stored prior to use
