hypothalamus, pituitary glands and pineal glands

Question 1

what are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland a link between

Answer 1

nervous and endocrine systems

Question 2

how many hormones does the hypothalamic nerve cell synthesize

Answer 2

at least 9

Question 3

how many hormones do the pituitary endocrine cells synthesise

Answer 3

7

Question 4

what do the hypothalamus and pituitary regulate

Answer 4

growth, development, metabolism and homeostasis

Question 5

how many lobes is the pituitary gland made of and what are they called

Answer 5

2, anterior and posterior

Question 6

what do the hypophyseal portal veins do

Answer 6

connect capillaries in the hypothalamus to capillaries in the anterior pituitary

Question 7

where do the axons of the hypothalamic neurons end

Answer 7

near capillaries of the hypothalumus

Question 8

what does the human growth hormone (hGH) promote

Answer 8

synthesis of insulin-like growth factors called somatomedins

Question 9

how often is hGH released

Answer 9

every 2 hours rougly

Question 10

how is the release of the hGH regulated

Answer 10

blood glucose levels

Question 11

when is the most amount of hGH released

Answer 11

during sleep

Question 12

what does the thyroid stimulating hormone do

Answer 12

stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid hormone

Question 13

explain FSH and LH in females

Answer 13

FSH initiates follicle development in the ovaries
LH and FSH together stimulate ovulation, formation of corpus luteum and secretion of progesterone

Question 14

explain FSH and LH in males

Answer 14

FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes
LH stimulates release of testesterone

Question 15

how is gonadotrophin releasing hormone supressed

Answer 15

by high levels of estrogen in females and high levels of testesterone in males

Question 16

what does prolactin do

Answer 16

initiates and maintains milk production by mammary glands

Question 17

what hormone suppresses prolactin release

Answer 17

prolactin inhibiting hormone

Question 18

what stimulates prolactin releasing hormone

Answer 18

high levels of oestrogen

Question 19

what is the functi9on of adrenocortcotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 19

controls production and secretion of glucocotricoids (cortosol) from the adrenal cortex

Question 20

what stimulates the release of ACTH

Answer 20

corticotrophin releasing hormone
also stress related stimuli

Question 21

what amount of melanocyte-stimulating hormone circulates within the body

Answer 21

small amounts

Question 22

what can excess melanocyte-stimulating hormone cause

Answer 22

skin darkening

Question 23

where are posterior pituitary hormone synthesised

Answer 23

in the hypothalumus

Question 24

where do the posterior pituitary hormones travel to once synthesised

Answer 24

down nerve axons to terminals in the posterior pituitary where they are stored prior to use

Question 25

what does oxytocin do

Answer 25

enhances smooth muscle uterine contraction during birth and milk ejection

Question 26

what does the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do

Answer 26

causes kidney to retain more water
causes increase in blood pressure

Question 27

where is the pineal gland

Answer 27

attached to the roof of the third ventricle of brain

Question 28

what does the pineal gland do

Answer 28

produces melatonin and sets bodys biological clock