cardiovascular system 4

Question 1

what are people with long Q-T syndrome prone to

Answer 1

very rapid heartbeat therefore poor O2 to the brain

Question 2

what is the treatment for long Q-T syndrome

Answer 2

B- blocks - decrease electrical impulses that pass through AV node
Defibrillator - depolarizes entire myocardium simultaneously

Question 3

what is arrhythmia

Answer 3

irregular heart rhythm due to the defect in conduction system of the heart

Question 4

what causes arrhythmia

Answer 4

drugs, anxiety, K deficiency

Question 5

what are examples of arrhythmia

Answer 5

heart block, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation

Question 6

what is the cardiac cycle

Answer 6

all events associated with one heartbeat

Question 7

what are the normal events of one heartbeat

Answer 7

2 atria contact while 2 ventricles relax, then the other way round

Question 8

what is systole

Answer 8

contraction

Question 9

what is diastole

Answer 9

relaxation

Question 10

what are the 3 phases of the cardiac cycle

Answer 10

relaxation period after T wave - ventricular and atrial diastole
after P wave - atrial systole and ventricular diastole
after QRS - ventricular systole and atrial diastole

Question 11

what causes the heart sound

Answer 11

the blood turbulence caused by closing of heart valves

Question 12

what is the S1 of the cardiac cycle

Answer 12

closing of AV valves soon after ventricular systole

Question 13

what is the S2 of the cardiac cycle

Answer 13

closure of the semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole

Question 14

what is S3 during the cardiac cycle

Answer 14

rapid ventricular filling

Question 15

what is S4 of the cardiac cycle

Answer 15

atrial contraction

Question 16

what is a heart murmur

Answer 16

abnormal sound before, between, after or masking normal sounds

Question 17

what does a heart murmur indicate

Answer 17

a valve disorder

Question 18

what is cardiac output

Answer 18

the volume of blood ejected from L (or R) ventricle into aorta (or pulmonary trunk) each minute

Question 19

what is the equation for cardiac output

Answer 19

CO = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 20

what are the 3 factors of the regulation of stroke volume

Answer 20

preload, contractility, afterload

Question 21

what is preload

Answer 21

the degree of stretch

Question 22

what is contractility

Answer 22

forcefulness of contraction of individual ventricular muscle fibres

Question 23

what is afterload

Answer 23

pressure to exceed to eject ventricular blood

Question 24

what are the 2 most important factors which contribute to the regulation of heart rate

Answer 24

autonomic NS
hormones

Question 25

what are other factors regulating heart rate

Answer 25

age, gender, physical fitness, body temp