bone struture and function

Question 1

what are the 4 types of bones

Answer 1

long
short
flat
irregular

Question 2

describe the shape of long bones

Answer 2

longer than wide

Question 3

examples of long bones

Answer 3

thigh, arm, fingers, toes

Question 4

describe the shape of short bones

Answer 4

almost cube shaped

Question 5

examples of short bones

Answer 5

wrists and ankles

Question 6

describe shape of flat bone

Answer 6

thin and extensive surface

Question 7

examples of flat bones

Answer 7

cranial, ribs

Question 8

examples of irregular bone

Answer 8

vertebrae and some facial bones

Question 9

what is the diaphysis in a long bone

Answer 9

the shaft

Question 10

what is the epiphysis in a long bone

Answer 10

terminal portion

Question 11

what is the metaphysis in a long bone

Answer 11

vascular region adjoining epiphyseal cartilage

Question 12

what is articular cartilage in a long bone

Answer 12

situated at a joint

Question 13

what is a periosteum in a long bone

Answer 13

fibrinous membrane

Question 14

what is a medullary cavity in a long bone

Answer 14

central hollow space

Question 15

what is an endosteum in a long bone

Answer 15

membrane lining inner cavity

Question 16

what is the matrix of a long bone made up of

Answer 16

25% water, 25% collagen fibres, 50% crystalized mineral salts

Question 17

where are osteogenic cells found

Answer 17

in periosteum

Question 18

what do osteogenic cells develop into

Answer 18

osteoblasts

Question 19

what do osteoblasts do

Answer 19

secrete collagen fibres

Question 20

what do osteoblasts become

Answer 20

osteocytes

Question 21

what do osteocytes do

Answer 21

maintain bone

Question 22

what are osteoclasts formed from

Answer 22

monocytes

Question 23

what do osteoclasts do

Answer 23

digest bone matrix for normal bone turnover

Question 24

how much of bone structure is compact

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

what units make up compact bone

Answer 25

osteons

Question 26

where does the compact bone lie

Answer 26

below the periosteum

Question 27

what makes up the central canal of compact bone

Answer 27

blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics

Question 28

what is the concentric lamellae in the compact bone

Answer 28

layers of matrix

Question 29

what are lacunae in compact bone

Answer 29

“lakes” containing osteocytes

Question 30

what are canaliculae in compact bone

Answer 30

little canals that nutrients flow in

Question 31

what are volkmanns canals

Answer 31

canals that run from the outside of the bone to its interior

Question 32

how much of bone is spongy bone

Answer 32

20%

Question 33

what units make up spongy bone

Answer 33

trabeculae

Question 34

what is in the spaces between trabeculae

Answer 34

red marrow

Question 35

which organelle does spongy bone not include

Answer 35

osteons

Question 36

name 3 functions of bone

Answer 36

support
protection
leverage
mineral homeostasis
blood cell production
triglyceride (fat) storage

Question 37

what are calcium blood levels controlled by

Answer 37

negative feedback loops

Question 38

how does the parathyroid hormone control blood calcium level

Answer 38

increases osteoclast activity
decreased loss in urine

Question 39

how does calcitriol from kidneys control blood calcium level

Answer 39

increases absorption of calcium in the blood

Question 40

how does calcitriol from thyroid glands control blood calcium level

Answer 40

decreased osteoclast activity