cardiovascular system 1 Flashcards
how long does it take for blood to circulate once
roughly one minute
where do veins take the blood
to the heart
where do arteries take the blood
away from heart
what is the pericardium
double walled sac enclosing the heart, to isolate and give room for expansion (resists compression)
what is cardiac tamponade
compression of heart by abnormal accumulation of fluid on pericardium cavity
how many layers make up the heart wall
3
name the heart wall layers
outer - epicardium
middle - myocardium
inner - endocardium
describe the epicardium wall
visceral pericardium, simple squamous epithelium
describe the myocardium wall
thickest layer, cardiac muscle
describe the endocardium layer
simple, squamous epithelium, forms inner lining of chamber
what is the fibrous skeleton
dense connective tissue of the heart surrounding valves
what does the fibrous skeleton do
prevents overstretching of valves
how many chambers does the heart have
4
where is the base of the heart
top
where is the apex of the heart
bottom
name the 3 veins that receive blood in the Right Atrium
superior vena cava
coronary sinus
inferior vena cava
what are the right and left atrium separated by
the interatrial septum
what valve takes blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle
tricuspid valve / atrioventricular valve
what valve does the blood leave the right ventricle through
the pulmonary semilunar valve
where does the blood go from the pulmonary semilunar valve
the pulmonary trunk
where does the blood go from the pulmonary trunk
the left and right pulmonary artery
where does the left atrium receive blood from
4 pulmonary veins
how does the blood get from the left atrium to the left ventricle
bicuspid valve / Left atrioventricular valve
how does blood leave the let ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
how does blood leave the let ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
where does blood go after the aortic semilunar valve
aorta
what is the purpose of valves
to ensure one way flow of blood
what do atrioventricular valves involve
chordae tendineae (strings of connective tissue)
papillary muscle
what do semilunar valves involve
pocket like cusps
how many layers do arteries and veins have
3
name the 3 layers of the arteries and veins
tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa
describe the tunica interna
includes endothelial lining and connective tissue with variable number of elastic fibres
describe tunica media
loose connective tissue and external elastic membrane
describe tunica externa
connective tissue sheath
