cardiovascular system 1

Question 1

how long does it take for blood to circulate once

Answer 1

roughly one minute

Question 2

where do veins take the blood

Answer 2

to the heart

Question 3

where do arteries take the blood

Answer 3

away from heart

Question 4

what is the pericardium

Answer 4

double walled sac enclosing the heart, to isolate and give room for expansion (resists compression)

Question 5

what is cardiac tamponade

Answer 5

compression of heart by abnormal accumulation of fluid on pericardium cavity

Question 6

how many layers make up the heart wall

Answer 6

3

Question 7

name the heart wall layers

Answer 7

outer - epicardium
middle - myocardium
inner - endocardium

Question 8

describe the epicardium wall

Answer 8

visceral pericardium, simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

describe the myocardium wall

Answer 9

thickest layer, cardiac muscle

Question 10

describe the endocardium layer

Answer 10

simple, squamous epithelium, forms inner lining of chamber

Question 11

what is the fibrous skeleton

Answer 11

dense connective tissue of the heart surrounding valves

Question 12

what does the fibrous skeleton do

Answer 12

prevents overstretching of valves

Question 13

how many chambers does the heart have

Answer 13

4

Question 14

where is the base of the heart

Answer 14

top

Question 15

where is the apex of the heart

Answer 15

bottom

Question 16

name the 3 veins that receive blood in the Right Atrium

Answer 16

superior vena cava
coronary sinus
inferior vena cava

Question 17

what are the right and left atrium separated by

Answer 17

the interatrial septum

Question 18

what valve takes blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Answer 18

tricuspid valve / atrioventricular valve

Question 19

what valve does the blood leave the right ventricle through

Answer 19

the pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 20

where does the blood go from the pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 20

the pulmonary trunk

Question 21

where does the blood go from the pulmonary trunk

Answer 21

the left and right pulmonary artery

Question 22

where does the left atrium receive blood from

Answer 22

4 pulmonary veins

Question 23

how does the blood get from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Answer 23

bicuspid valve / Left atrioventricular valve

Question 24

how does blood leave the let ventricle

Answer 24

aortic semilunar valve

Question 24

how does blood leave the let ventricle

Answer 24

aortic semilunar valve

Question 25

where does blood go after the aortic semilunar valve

Answer 25

aorta

Question 26

what is the purpose of valves

Answer 26

to ensure one way flow of blood

Question 27

what do atrioventricular valves involve

Answer 27

chordae tendineae (strings of connective tissue)
papillary muscle

Question 28

what do semilunar valves involve

Answer 28

pocket like cusps

Question 29

how many layers do arteries and veins have

Answer 29

3

Question 30

name the 3 layers of the arteries and veins

Answer 30

tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa

Question 31

describe the tunica interna

Answer 31

includes endothelial lining and connective tissue with variable number of elastic fibres

Question 32

describe tunica media

Answer 32

loose connective tissue and external elastic membrane

Question 33

describe tunica externa

Answer 33

connective tissue sheath