(IV) Lecture Ch.1-2 + Stem Cells Flashcards
MS has…
demyelination of white matter
are autoimmune diseases more common in M or F?
F
lupus is more common in..
African American F
multiple sclerosis can cause..
motor weakness, vision issues; also PROGRESSIVE
new gen drugs are ____ and can..
biologics, strengthen own body to fight
spina bifida is caused by
low folic acid
______ can cause genetic defects
intermarriage
a ____ is hidden in an ultrasound
occulta
a ________ is more severe and _____
myelomeningocele; grows on the outside; because involves NEURAL elements
a ______ is a less severe form of spina bifida and is ___
meningocele; outside but NO neural elements; CYST on body
a _____ and ______ forms as the same time as the heart
cleft palate; hair lip
why do pts. with CF do chest PT?
to prevent malabsorption of mucus
CF have low ____ channels which is why they are ___
chlorine, salty lol
sickle cell anemia means….. and what is it linked to?
blood cells are shaped like Cs, low life span and can be linked to malaria
kerat/o
cornea
general anesthesia is bad because
it affects the brain and hippocampus and possibly lead to dementia
levels of anesthesia?
local>regional>general
an epidural goes through the _______
spinal column
what is the most common type of dementia?
Alzheimer’s
corticosteroids can also ___
wear down bone
epidural vs. spinal?
differs in space inserted
list the progression of cancer.
normal>hyperplasia>dysplasia>cancer
____ increases in the progression of cancer.
nuclei
morphology means..
the shape
retinoblastoma is ..
proliferation of cancer cells in retina
what does a younger Dx of breast cancer mean? also name gene
lower life expectancy, BRCA
list the process of making stem cells (beginning)
zygote» mitosis> blastocyst> embryo that can be 200 diff. cell types (STEM CELLS)
pluripotent means
several abilities
how many epithelial cells are lost each hour?
40K
which stem cells replace skin?
epidermal, continuously diving (REGENERATIVE)
mature stem cells are ___
specialized (UNIPOTENT)
what are the two characteristics of stem cells
1) ability to self-renew 2) ability to differentiate (potency)
degree of potency means..
stem cells available to renew (undifferentiated)
what are hemopoietic stem cells?
blood making stem cells, MULTIPOTENT
how are hemopoietic stem cells multipotent ?
can give rise to cells in diff. systems (red blood cells, WBC)
most common use of stem cells in med. rn?
put hemopoietic stem cells back in bone marrow of cancer pts. to produce norm. amt. of blood
multipotent neural cells give rise to …..
neurons and supporting cells when necessary
what do multipotent mesenchymal stem cells do?
make bone cells, cartilage cells, adipose cells
name 2 mechanisms that makes sure cells arent used up when dividing?
1) obligate asymmetric replication stem cell> mother cell> makes one differentiated daughter 2) stochastic differentiation: 2 differentiated daughters, mother stem cell goes under mitosis to duplicate
IPS means.. and what are they?
induced pluripotent stem cells; reprogram differentiated cells to unspecialized thru gene
why is IPS good for regenerative med.?
avoids immune responses indv. may have bc own cells
what is Chadwick’s sign?
blue cervix due to engorgement of blood
steps in Pap smear, and how often?
1) ht. wt., BP 2) urine sample 3) lithotomy position 4) speculum and cytology brush point> lab; EVERY 3 YRS after 21
name of cervical opening?
cervical OS
KY jelly is used to
lubricate fingers before inserting and palpating for ovaries
who inserts transvaginal ultrasound ?
Patient
Dyspareunia is
persistent genital pain before/during/after sex
how often should u do breast exams?
once every month same time
