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Medical Terminology > (IV) Lecture Ch.1-2 + Stem Cells > Flashcards

(IV) Lecture Ch.1-2 + Stem Cells Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

MS has…

A

demyelination of white matter

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2
Q

are autoimmune diseases more common in M or F?

A

F

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3
Q

lupus is more common in..

A

African American F

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4
Q

multiple sclerosis can cause..

A

motor weakness, vision issues; also PROGRESSIVE

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5
Q

new gen drugs are ____ and can..

A

biologics, strengthen own body to fight

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6
Q

spina bifida is caused by

A

low folic acid

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7
Q

______ can cause genetic defects

A

intermarriage

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8
Q

a ____ is hidden in an ultrasound

A

occulta

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9
Q

a ________ is more severe and _____

A

myelomeningocele; grows on the outside; because involves NEURAL elements

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10
Q

a ______ is a less severe form of spina bifida and is ___

A

meningocele; outside but NO neural elements; CYST on body

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11
Q

a _____ and ______ forms as the same time as the heart

A

cleft palate; hair lip

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12
Q

why do pts. with CF do chest PT?

A

to prevent malabsorption of mucus

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13
Q

CF have low ____ channels which is why they are ___

A

chlorine, salty lol

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14
Q

sickle cell anemia means….. and what is it linked to?

A

blood cells are shaped like Cs, low life span and can be linked to malaria

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15
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

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16
Q

general anesthesia is bad because

A

it affects the brain and hippocampus and possibly lead to dementia

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17
Q

levels of anesthesia?

A

local>regional>general

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18
Q

an epidural goes through the _______

A

spinal column

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19
Q

what is the most common type of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s

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20
Q

corticosteroids can also ___

A

wear down bone

21
Q

epidural vs. spinal?

A

differs in space inserted

22
Q

list the progression of cancer.

A

normal>hyperplasia>dysplasia>cancer

23
Q

____ increases in the progression of cancer.

A

nuclei

24
Q

morphology means..

A

the shape

25
Q

retinoblastoma is ..

A

proliferation of cancer cells in retina

26
Q

what does a younger Dx of breast cancer mean? also name gene

A

lower life expectancy, BRCA

27
Q

list the process of making stem cells (beginning)

A

zygote» mitosis> blastocyst> embryo that can be 200 diff. cell types (STEM CELLS)

28
Q

pluripotent means

A

several abilities

29
Q

how many epithelial cells are lost each hour?

A

40K

30
Q

which stem cells replace skin?

A

epidermal, continuously diving (REGENERATIVE)

31
Q

mature stem cells are ___

A

specialized (UNIPOTENT)

32
Q

what are the two characteristics of stem cells

A

1) ability to self-renew 2) ability to differentiate (potency)

33
Q

degree of potency means..

A

stem cells available to renew (undifferentiated)

34
Q

what are hemopoietic stem cells?

A

blood making stem cells, MULTIPOTENT

35
Q

how are hemopoietic stem cells multipotent ?

A

can give rise to cells in diff. systems (red blood cells, WBC)

36
Q

most common use of stem cells in med. rn?

A

put hemopoietic stem cells back in bone marrow of cancer pts. to produce norm. amt. of blood

37
Q

multipotent neural cells give rise to …..

A

neurons and supporting cells when necessary

38
Q

what do multipotent mesenchymal stem cells do?

A

make bone cells, cartilage cells, adipose cells

39
Q

name 2 mechanisms that makes sure cells arent used up when dividing?

A

1) obligate asymmetric replication stem cell> mother cell> makes one differentiated daughter 2) stochastic differentiation: 2 differentiated daughters, mother stem cell goes under mitosis to duplicate

40
Q

IPS means.. and what are they?

A

induced pluripotent stem cells; reprogram differentiated cells to unspecialized thru gene

41
Q

why is IPS good for regenerative med.?

A

avoids immune responses indv. may have bc own cells

42
Q

what is Chadwick’s sign?

A

blue cervix due to engorgement of blood

43
Q

steps in Pap smear, and how often?

A

1) ht. wt., BP 2) urine sample 3) lithotomy position 4) speculum and cytology brush point> lab; EVERY 3 YRS after 21

44
Q

name of cervical opening?

A

cervical OS

45
Q

KY jelly is used to

A

lubricate fingers before inserting and palpating for ovaries

46
Q

who inserts transvaginal ultrasound ?

A

Patient

47
Q

Dyspareunia is

A

persistent genital pain before/during/after sex

48
Q

how often should u do breast exams?

A

once every month same time

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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