Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 3: The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3: The Skeletal System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chondr/I, chondr/o

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cost/o

A

rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

crani/o

A

skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

kyph/o

A

bent, hump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

-lysis

A

loosening or setting free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

scoli/o

A

curved, bent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ossification

A

process in which the skeleton begins as fragile membranes and cartilage, but after three months it starts turning into bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

osteoblasts

A

rebuild bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down old/damaged bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

periosteum

A

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

compact bone (cortical)

A

dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. (75% of bone matter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

spongy bone (cancellous)

A

red bone marrow located, sponge like and lighter than compact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

medullary cavity

A

stores yellow and red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

medullary means

A

pertaining to the inner section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

endosteum

A

tissue that lines medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

red bone marrow

A

hemopoietic tissue that makes RBC, WBC, thrombocytes, hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hemopoietic means

A

pertaining to formation of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

yellow bone marrow is

A

a fat storage area, mainly fat cells (RED> YELLOW bone marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cartilage is

A

smooth rubbery connective tissue that acts as shock absorber btwn bones (skeleton, outer ear, tip of nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

articular cartilage ….

A

covers surfaces of bones where they come together (articulate) to make smooth joint movement and prevents bones from rubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

meniscus

A

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints (knee, TMJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

epiphyses

A

wider ends of long bones covered w articular cartilage (proximal and distal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

foramen (pl. foramina)

A

opening in bone where blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

foramen magnum

A

spinal cord passes through, in occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

process

A

normal projection on surface of a bone for attachment of muscle or tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

mastoid process

A

bony projection located on temporal bones behind the ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

joints are also called

A

articulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

fibrous joints are

A

inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what are fibrous joints in adults called?

A

sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

fontanelles are

A

soft spots on skull of newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cartilaginous joints are

A

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what does the pubic symphysis do?

A

allows for movement in childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

synovial joints are created …

A

where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

2 types of synovial joints?

A

ball and socket joint; hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

3 components of synovial joints?

A

synovial capsule, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

synovial capsule is

A

the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

synovial membrane is

A

lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

synovial fluid is

A

acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

ligaments are

A

are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

the bursa is

A

a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

typical human adult has how many bones? what is range?

A

206 bones, 206 to 350

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

axial skeleton is separated into which parts ? (5)

A

(1) the bones of the skull; (2) the ossicles (bones) of the middle ear; (3) the hyoid bone, located on the throat between the chin and the thyroid; (4) the rib cage; and (5) the vertebral column.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

upper extremities are

A

shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

lower extremities are

A

hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what is an appendage?

A

is anything that is attached to a major part of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what does appendicular mean?

A

relating to an appendage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

An extremity is…

A

is the terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

how many bones does the skull consist of? (explain division of bones)

A

28 bones: 8 bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and 6 bones in the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what is the cranium ?

A

portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what are cranial bones joined by?

A

sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

frontal bones

A

the anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

parietal bones

A

two of
the largest bones of 💀 they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

occipital bone

A

form back of 💀 and base of cranium

64
Q

temporal bones

A

sides and base of cranium

65
Q

sphenoid bone

A

irregular wedge shaped bone at the base of 💀 makes contact w other cranial bones + forms base+ sides of 💀+floors/sides of eye sockets

66
Q

ethmoid bone

A

light spongy 🦴 at roof and sides of 👃; separates nasal cavity from brain and forms portion of each orbit 👁️

67
Q

orbit

A

boney socket that surrounds and protects each eyeball 👁️

68
Q

auditory ossicles are (name)

A

3 tiny bones in each middle ear 👂 : malleus, incus, stapes

69
Q

sinuses are..

A

air-filled cavities in bones

70
Q

purpose of sinuses?

A

lighten the weight of the skull 💀

71
Q

nasal bones form.. (and how many?)

A

2; upper part of bridge of nose 👃

72
Q

zygomatic bones do.. (and how many?)

A

2; cheekbones!! articulate w the frontal bone that makes forehead 🧑‍🦲

73
Q

maxillary bones do what? (and how many)

A

2; form most of upper jaw also known as maxillae

74
Q

palatine bones do what (how many?)

A

2; anterior part of hard palate of the mouth 👄 and floor of nose 👃

75
Q

lacrimal bones do what? (how many?)

A

2; part of orbit at the inner angle 👁️

76
Q

inferior conchae do what? (how many?)

A

2; thin bones that form part of the interior of the nose

77
Q

vomer bone forms…

A

base of the nasal septum 👃

78
Q

mandible is..

A

JAWBONE; only movable bone of the skull 💀

79
Q

what is the mandible joined to?

A

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

80
Q

what does the thoracic cavity consist of? (3)

A

ribs, sternum, upper portion of spinal column from neck>diaphragm

81
Q

true ribs are… and what do they do?

A

the first seven pairs of ribs; attach anteriorly to sternum

82
Q

false ribs are… and what do they do?

A

next 3 pairs of ribs; attach anteriorly to cartilage that > sternum

83
Q

floating ribs are… what what do they do?

A

last 2 pairs; attach posteriorly to vertebrae

84
Q

sternum is divided into which parts? (3)

A

manubrium, body of sternum (gladiolus), xiphoid process

85
Q

manubrium is

A

bony structure the is upper portion of sternum

86
Q

gladiolus is

A

bony structure that forms middle portion of sternum

87
Q

xiphoid process is

A

cartilage structure that forms the lower portion go sternum

88
Q

the shoulders form what?

A

the pectoral girdle/shoulder girdle

89
Q

girdle means

A

structure that encircles the body

90
Q

clavicle is ..

A

collar bone that connections to manubrium to the scapula

91
Q

scapula is..

A

shoulder blade

92
Q

acromion is ..

A

extension of scapula that forms high point of shoulder

93
Q

the humerus is..

A

bone of upper arm 💪

94
Q

radius is

A

smaller and shorter bone of forearm +THUMB side

95
Q

ulna is

A

larger+longer bone of forearm+PINKY side

96
Q

the proximal end of the ulna does what?

A

articulates w distal end of humerus> elbow joint !

97
Q

olecranon process is..

A

FUNNY 😄 bone 🦴; large projection on upper end of ulna+ forms elbow and exposes a nerve hence tingle hehe

98
Q

carpals are.. (and how many?)

A

8 bones; form the wrist and form bony passage called carpal tunnel

99
Q

metacarpals are.. (and how many)

A

5; form palms of hand

100
Q

phalanges are.. (how many?)

A

14; fingers/toes

101
Q

each of the 4 fingers has ___ bones which are …

A

3; distal, middle, proximal

102
Q

thumb has how many bones? what are they?

A

2; distal and proximal

103
Q

spinal column does what?

A

also called vertebral column; protects spinal cord and supports head

104
Q

how many vertebrae in spinal cord?

A

26

105
Q

anterior portion of the vertebra is called

A

body of the vertebra

106
Q

posterior portion of vertebra is called

A

lamina

107
Q

vertebral foramen is

A

opening in middle of vertebra where spinal cord goes thru

107
Q

transverse and spinous processes do what?

A

attach to muscles/tendons

108
Q

intervertebral disks are

A

cartilage disks that separate + cushion vertebrae from each other

109
Q

cervical vertebrae are the ….. vertebrae and they form …

A

first seven ; form the neck (c1-c7)

110
Q

thoracic vertebrae are the …. vertebrae and they form..

A

second set of 12 (t1-t12) and attached to ribs to form outward curve of spine

111
Q

lumbar vertebrae are… and they form…

A

third set of 5; (L1-L5) form the inward curve of the lower spine

112
Q

largest and strongest vertebrae are?

A

lumbar

113
Q

the sacrum is ..

A

slightly curved triangular shapes bone near base of spine+forms lower portion of back

114
Q

at birth the sacrum is … bones. then they..

A

5; fuse into 1 bone

115
Q

the coccyx is

A

TAILBONE; end of spine and made up of 4 FUSED vertebrae

116
Q

pelvis (bony pelvis) does what?

A

protects internal organs and supports lower extremities

117
Q

what does the pelvis include

A

ilium, ischium, pubis (PELVIC GIRDLE)

118
Q

the ilium is

A

broad bone that forms back and sides of pubic bone 🦴

119
Q

the sacroiliac is

A

slightly movable articulation btwn sacrum and post. port. of ilium

120
Q

ischium is

A

posterior port. of pubic bone 🦴 and bears wt. of body when sitting 🪑

121
Q

pubis is

A

anterior port. of pubic bone below urinary bladder

122
Q

at birth the ilium, ischium, pubis are.. and then they form..

A

3 separate; form left and right pubic bones

123
Q

how are the ilium, ischium, and pubis held together

A

pubic symphysis

124
Q

symphysis means

A

place where 2 bones closely joined

125
Q

pubic symphysis is

A

cartilaginous joint that united L and R pubic bones + SLIGHT movement

126
Q

the acetabulum is..

A

HIP SOCKET, circular cavity in each side of pelvis that articulates w head of femur to make hip 🦛 joint

127
Q

the femurs are

A

largest bones in the body

128
Q

femoral means

A

pertaining to the femur

129
Q

the femoral neck is

A

narrow area below head of femur 🦴

130
Q

patella is

A

KNEECAP; bony anterior portion of the knee

131
Q

popliteal means

A

posterior space behind knee

132
Q

cruciate ligaments do what?

A

(anterior and posterior) make knee movement possible

133
Q

tibia is

A

SHINBONE; larger anterior weight-bearing bone of lower leg 🦵

134
Q

fibula is

A

smaller of two bones of leg 🦵

135
Q

each ankle is made of ___ ____

A

7; tarsals

136
Q

malleolus is

A

rounded bony projection on tibia+fibula

137
Q

talus is

A

ankle bone that articulates w tibia and fibula

138
Q

calcaneus is

A

heel bone; LARGEST tarsal bone 🦴

139
Q

the foot is composed of ___ ____

A

5 metatarsals

140
Q

phalanges are

A

bones of toes 🦶

141
Q

big toe has how many phalanges?

A

2

142
Q

a chiropractor has what degree and what do they do

A

doctor of chiropractic; manipulative treatment of disorders in spine

143
Q

manipulative treatment means

A

manually adjusting positions of bones 🦴

144
Q

orthopedic surgeon does what

A

physician who specializes in Dx, Tx diseases involving bones/joints/muslces

145
Q

osteopath has what degree and what do they do

A

doctor of osteopathy (DO); traditional medical tx and spinal manipulation

146
Q

podiatrist has what degree and what do they do

A

doctor of podiatry (DP) or doctor or podiatric medicine (DPM) dx and tx disorders of foot 🦶

147
Q

rheumatologist does what

A

physician who specializes in Tx of arthritis and disorders caused by inflammation in joints and connective tiss

148
Q

BDT means

A

bone density testing

149
Q

CR means

A

closed reduction

150
Q

Fx means

A

fracture

151
Q

OP means

A

osteoporosis

152
Q

PKR means

A

partial knee replacement

153
Q

PMR means

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

154
Q

RA means

A

rheumatoid arthritis

155
Q

THA means

A

total hip arthroplasty

156
Q

TKA means

A

total knee arthroplasty

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions