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Medical Terminology > ( I ) Lecture Ch.1-2 + Stem Cells > Flashcards

( I ) Lecture Ch.1-2 + Stem Cells Flashcards

- colostomy - ulcers - erythropoietin - VRE, MRSA - leukocytosis, leukopenia, pandocytopenia - kidneys - liver and spleen

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is leukorrhea ?

A

white sticky substance in menstrual cycle/ovulation

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2
Q

what is leukocytosis?

A

ELEVATED WBC count

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3
Q

what does CBC (c diff.) stand for

A

complete blood count with differential

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4
Q

what is the normal range of WBC?

A

5K-10K

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5
Q

pts. in chemotherapy have a lower ___ count.

A

neutrophil

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6
Q

name the 5 components of WBCs.

A

1) monocytes 2) neutrophils (MOST ABUNDANT) 3) basophils 4) eosinophils 5) lymphocytes

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7
Q

what does leukopenia mean?

A

LOW WBC count

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8
Q

what is ANA and what is it for?

A

antinuclear antibody test; tests for inflammatory disease

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9
Q

what color is the blood in veins? arteries?

A

burgundy (veins), bright red (arterial)

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10
Q

name the components of a blood sample and the percentages of each.

A

plasma (55%), buffy coat (<1%), erythrocytes (45%)

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11
Q

what is the term for high platelet count?

A

thrombocytosis

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12
Q

what is the term for low platelet count?

A

thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

what are the two types of leukemia?

A

acute and chronic

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14
Q

what are the two types of acute myeloid leukemia?

A

chronic myeloid, chronic lymphoblastic

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15
Q

how does bone marrow produce RBCs?

A

through kidney signals

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16
Q

explain erythropoietin and its role.

A

hormone from kidneys > bone marrow to make RBC

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17
Q

what does lack of erythropoietin cause?

A

lower hemoglobin count > anemic

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18
Q

what is a blood smear?

A

drop of blood on a glass slide, smeared (lol)

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19
Q

granulocytes are from..

A

bone marrow

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20
Q

agranulocytes are from

A

lymph nodes

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21
Q

where is bilirubin stored?

A

liver (backup)

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22
Q

what is the spleen responsible for?

A

hemolysis

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23
Q

what are bruises called ?

A

ecchymosis

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24
Q

what is the breakdown of bilirubin (color)?

A

purple>red>green>yellow

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25
Q

what is black stool caused from?

A

upper GI bleed, pepto bismol

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26
Q

what bacteria are ulcers caused by?

A

helicobacter pylori

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27
Q

Tx for ulcers?

A

antibiotics

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28
Q

lower GI bleed causes (color)

A

red poo could also be a sign of COLON cancer

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29
Q

red stool can also be a sign of ..

A

hemorrhoid

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30
Q

PUD stands for.. (name two types)

A

peptic ulcer disease; gastric and duodenal

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31
Q

what should pts. with constipation do?

A

drink water

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32
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

movement of the muscles of the digestive system

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33
Q

name 3 pts. of colon (left>right)

A

ascending, transverse, descending

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34
Q

how often should you hear bowel sounds?

A

every 3-5 seconds

35
Q

what is poliomyelitis ?

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

36
Q

what is melena?

A

black, sticky stool

37
Q

what is melanoma?

A

most LETHAL skin cancer

38
Q

what is osteomalacia?

A

abnormal softening of the bones

39
Q

what do osteoblasts do?

A

build

40
Q

what do osteoclasts do?

A

breakdown

41
Q

what is needed for synthesis of bones?

A

vit. D and calcium

42
Q

what can be observed in leukemia pts. ?

A

increased neutrophil count

43
Q

since leukemia pts. are usually anemic (low RBC), what should be seen in a blood smear?

A

evolution of cells, usually blasts

44
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

removes fluid from pericardium

45
Q

what is a cardiac tamponade?

A

ab. accumulation of fluid in pericardial sac> compression (FATAL)

46
Q

anal sphincter

A

controls need to poo

47
Q

what is Crohn’s disease?

A

autoimmune disorder that attacks small intestine

48
Q

what is reanastomosis?

A

make connection btwn two pts. of an organ (colostomy)

49
Q

what does MRSA stand for

A

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

50
Q

what is the strongest antibiotic?

A

methicillin

51
Q

what does VRE stand for?

A

vancomycin-resistant enterococci

52
Q

what is VAP?

A

ventilator assisted pneumonia

53
Q

what is TB? (microorg.)

A

bacilli (active vs latent)

54
Q

what is pancytopenia?

A

low levels of RBC, WBC, and platelets

55
Q

3 things to do when body expires?

A

1- prepare body 2- wash body 3-collect personal things

56
Q

what is used to move dead bodies in hospitals?

A

double gurney

57
Q

where to draw blood to check 4 sepsis?

A

antecubital fossa

58
Q

manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes is

A

genetic engineering

59
Q

Muscle tissue contains

A

cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

60
Q

nerve tissue contains

A

cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

61
Q

incomplete tissue formation terms?

A

aplasia + hypoplasia

62
Q

abnormal tissue formation terms?

A

anaplasia, dysplasia, hyperplasia, hypertrophy HADH

63
Q

___ provides ongoing care for patients of all ages.

A

general practitioner (family practice physician)

64
Q

a physician who specializes in diag- nosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems

A

internist

65
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of infants and children

A

pediatrician

66
Q

a nurse with
graduate training who often works as a primary care provider.

A

nurse practitioner

67
Q

a licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician.

A

physician assistant, master’s like NP

68
Q

schedules and registers patients for appointments and may also work as a medical assistant.

A

medical receptionist

69
Q

performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor’s office

A

medical assistant also CMA for certified

70
Q

reviews patients’ medical records and assigns appropriate codes for treatment and services provided

A

medical coder

71
Q

refers to the level of severity of an illness

A

acuity

72
Q

is a doctor who specializes in high-acuity medicine in the ER

A

emergency physician

73
Q

a licensed health care professional who works in a pre-hospital setting on an ambulance, or in an emergency room

A

EMT

74
Q

a licensed health care professional who works in a variety of health care settings

A

RN

75
Q

works under the supervision of RN or doctor to provide basic patient care

A

LVN or LPN (vocational and practical)

76
Q

works under the supervision of a RN to provide basic patient care

A

CNA

77
Q

a licensed medical professional who dispenses prescribed medication to patients

A

pharmacist

78
Q

provides continuously monitored care for critically ill patients

A

ICU or CCU (critical)

79
Q

physician specializing in the care of critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU.

A

intensivist

80
Q

a physician focusing on the general medical care of hospitalized patients

A

hospitalist

81
Q

_____unit provides continuous cardiac monitoring for patients with heart problems not requiring intensive care

A

telemetry

82
Q

_____ unit provides nursing care for lower-acuity patients who are recovering from surgery or require continued drug therapy or monitoring.

A

med/surg

83
Q

BE means

A

barium enema or below elbow

84
Q

MS (med) means either

A

morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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