IT Informing Policy Development Flashcards
Token Economy
- type of behavior modification - reinforcing behavior that is desirable and punishing undesirable behavior
- how does it work ?
- a token is rewarded for desirable behavior - token itself is worthless but can be traded for other valuable things, removed for bad behavior
Token Economy
3 main incentive levels used
- basic level - entitled to legal minimums - letters + visits
-standard level - allowed more visits, tv, more money in canteen
enhanced level - own clothes, more visits, time outside cell, more money
Token Economy
- Evaluation
- Hobbs + Holt , Allyson + Milan - found improvement
- Might not work in long term as it does not exist outside of prison.
Psychoanalysis
- works by bringing unconscious thoughts and memories into the conscious mind so that they can be explored and dealt with
two parts :
1. dream analysis - speak about dream they’ve had to work out a meaning and Freud believed dreams were unconscious desire or sometimes conflicts
- free association - patient lies facing away to just speak for a long time and analyst occasionally intervenes to get past conscious
Psychoanalysis
- Evaluation
for :
- focuses on emotion rather than cognition and can help person to explore past experiences
- 2010 review found it to be as effective as CBT
against :
- success depends on whether someone can confront stressful situations
- time consuming process
Aversion Therapy
- works by creating association between an undesirable behavior with a negative stimuli
Aversion Therapy
- Evaluation
for :
- can work to treat alcohol addiction when voluntary
- Maleztkly study involved 5000 sexual offenders using aversive stimuli of electric shocks + foul odours they were able to reduce inappropriate sexual arousal
against :
- usually only works when institutionalised as offenders would not continue this when released
-when forced - success rates are low as they violate human rights
- doesnt treat cognitions
