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NURS 306 > Iron Deficiency Anemia > Flashcards

Iron Deficiency Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What causes iron deficiency anemia?

A

Insufficient iron available for erythropoiesis resulting in anemia.

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2
Q

What is the most common type of anemia throughout the world?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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3
Q

Etiology of IDA

A
  • Chronic blood loss (i.e Chron’s disease, etc.)
  • Inadequate dietary intake of iron
  • Medications: GI meds, NSAIDs..
  • Surgical Procedures (any procedure that predisposes the patient to bleeding)
  • Medical Conditions (i.e ulcerative colitis, kidney failure)
  • Eating disorders (pica)
  • Pregnancy
  • Blood donation
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4
Q

Etiology for IDA that is common in females

A

Menorrhagia

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5
Q

Etiology for IDA that is common in males

A

Ulcers, hemorrhoids, cancer

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6
Q

How can pregnancy cause IDA?

A

D/t high requirement of iron because of the fetus

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7
Q

IDA is common in

A

Adolescents, children (<2 y.o.)

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8
Q

Iron

A

Is in constant use in the body and can be “recycled”

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9
Q

Iron is stored in the form of

A

Hemoglobin

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10
Q

IDA develops

A

Slowly and overlapping 3 stages

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11
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Stage I

A

Body’s iron stores for red cell production and hemoglobin synthesis are depleted.

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12
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Stage II

A

Insufficient amounts of iron are transported to the marrow and THEN iron deficient red cells are produced (impaired erythropoiesis)

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13
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Stage III

A

Insufficient iron supply & diminished HGB synthesis (clinical manifestations appear in this stage)

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14
Q

Normal Plasma Ferritin

A

60

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15
Q

Normal Transferrin Saturation (%)

A

35

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16
Q

Normal RBC Protoporphyrin

A

30

17
Q

Normal Hemoglobin (g/dl)

A

> 12

18
Q

In iron depletion

A

Plasma ferritin = <12

Transferrin Saturation, hemoglobin and RBC Protoporphyrin are normal

19
Q

In Iron Deficient Erythropoiesis

A

Plasma Feritin = <12
Transferrin Saturation = <16
RBC Protoporphyrin = >100
Hemoglobin is normal

20
Q

In Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Plasma Ferritin = <12
Transferrin Saturation = <16
RBC Protoporphyrin = >100
Hemoglobin = <12

21
Q

Clinical Manifestations of IDA

A 
Fatigue 
Drowsiness*
Weakness
SOB
Pallor
Headaches (frequent)
Irritability 
Neuromuscular changes including memory problems
Lethargy
Some Pts have reported extremity numbness
22
Q

IDA has a

A

Gradual onset, seek help usually when hemoglobin drops <7 or 8g/dl

23
Q

Clinical Manifestations for severe cases of IDA

A

Koilonychia
Stomatitis
Gloss it’s

24
Q

Koilonychia

A

Brittle, spoon shaped nails

25
Q

Stomatitis

A

Sores in corners of mouth

26
Q

Glossitis

A

Tongue atrophy, soreness, redness, burning

27
Q

How would you evaluate for IDA?

A 
CBC (hemoglobin and hematocrit)
Ferritin level: if it's low - indication of iron deficiency anemia (diagnostic for iron deficiency anemia)
Transferrin saturation
TIBC (total iron binding capacity)
Stool for occult blood
28
Q

Treatments for Iron deficiency anemia

A
  • 1st step: identify and treat the root cause

- Iron replacement: oral replacement initial treatment

29
Q

If severe, what treatment might be used to treat iron deficiency anemia?

A

Might need IV iron replacement

30
Q

Mechanism of Action: Iron

A

O2 carrier in hemoglobin and myoglobin
Crucial for tissue respiration
Corrects IDA symptoms

31
Q

Indications for Iron

A

Treatment and prevention of IDA

32
Q

Contraindications

A

Allergy, hemochromatosis, hemolytic anemia and other anemias not associated with IDA

33
Q

Adverse Effects of Iron

A

Mostly GI (pp. 864-865, lilley)
N/V, constipation, sometimes diarrhea, abdominal pain
Dark, tarry stools
Discoloration of tooth enamel

34
Q

What should you watch for when giving a patient iron?

A

Watch for iron toxicity

35
Q

Interactions and Dosages of Iron

A

Selected drugs and dosages, refer to pp. 864-866

36
Q

Nursing Process & Patient-Centered Care

A

Pp. 867-869

37
Q

Iron is best absorbed w/

A

Vitamin C (i.e orange juice)

38
Q

Iron has reduced absorption w/

A

Calcium and antacids

39
Q

Potential nursing diagnosis for IDA

A

Fatigue (activity intolerance)
Constipation
Imbalanced nutrition

NURS 306 (26 decks)

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