Chapter 4: Cultural, Legal And Ethical Considerations

Question 1

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 1

The study of how certain genetic traits affect drug response.

Question 2

Drug polymorphism

Answer 2

The effect of the patients age, gender, size, body composition and other characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of specific drugs.

Question 3

Prescription drug use is regulated by several different agencies including:

Answer 3

FDA, DEA and individual state laws.

Question 4

FDA: Food and Drug Administration

Answer 4

Responsible for approving drugs for clinical safety and efficacy before they are brought to the market

Question 5

Drug Enforcement Agency

Answer 5

Controlled substances/scheduled drugs

Question 6

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Answer 6

Requires all health care providers, health and life insurance companies, public health authorities, employers, and schools to maintain patient privacy regarding health information.

Question 7

New Drug Development

Answer 7

Has four clinical phases of investigational drug studies.

Question 8

Nurse practice acts include

Answer 8

American nurses association and Nurse Practice Acts

Question 9

Standards of care

Answer 9

-actions that a reasonable and prudent nurse with equivalent preparation would do under similar circumstances.

Question 10

What are the ethical terms related to nursing practice?

Answer 10

1. Autonomy
2. Beneficence
3. Confidentiality
4. Justice
5. Nonmaleficence
6. Veracity

Question 11

The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses and the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics for Nurses..

Answer 11

• serve as frameworks with emphasis on ethical guidelines for nursing care
• used to ensure that the nurse is acting on behalf of the patient with the patient’s best interest at heart.

Question 12

Autonomy

Answer 12

Self-determination and the ability to act on one’s own.
Includes promoting a patient’s decision making, supporting informed consent and assisting in decisions or making a decision when a patient is posing harm to himself or herself.

Question 13

Beneficence

Answer 13

The ethical principle of doing or actively promoting good

Question 14

Justice

Answer 14

The ethical principle of being fair or equal in one’s actions
Related nursing actions include ensuring fairness in distributing resources for the care of patients and determining when to treat.

Question 15

Nonmaleficence

Answer 15

The duty to do no harm to a patient.

Related nursing actions include avoiding doing any deliberate harm while rendering nursing care.

Question 16

Veracity

Answer 16

The duty to tell the truth.

Question 17

Confidentiality

Answer 17

The duty to respect privilege information about a patient

Question 18

Nursing negligence

Answer 18

The failure to act in a reasonable and prudent manner or failure of the nurse to give the care that a reasonable prudent (cautious) nurse would render or use under similar circumstances.

Question 19

What cultural factors affect drug therapy?

Answer 19

1. Pharmacogenomics
2. Drug polymorphism
3. Patient adherence to drug therapy
4. Economic and environmental factors (ex. Client might not be able to afford medications)
5. Barriers to adequate health care for culturally diverse

Question 20

Legend drugs

Answer 20

Another name for prescription drugs

Question 21

Orphan drugs

Answer 21

A special category of drugs that have been identified to help treat patients with rare diseases.

Question 22

Over the counter drugs

Answer 22

Drugs available to consumers without prescription. Also called nonprescription drugs.

Question 23

Placebo effect

Answer 23

An inactive substance that is not a drug but is formulated to resemble a drug for research purposes.

Question 24

Nursing process ..

Answer 24

…

Question 25

controlled substances

Answer 25

any drugs listen on one of the “schedules” of the controlled substance act aka scheduled drugs.

Question 26

Controlled Substances Schedule Categories:

Answer 26

C-I, C-II, C-III, C-IV, C-V

Question 27

C-I

Answer 27

• abuse potential: high
• no medical use
• dependency potential: sever physical and psychological

Question 28

C-II

Answer 28

• abuse potential: high
• medical use: accepted
• dependency potential: severe physical and psychological

Question 29

C-III

Answer 29

• abuse potential: less than C-II
• medical use: accepted
• dependency potential: moderate to low physical or high psychological

Question 30

C-IV

Answer 30

• abuse potential: less than C-III
• medical use: accepted
• dependency potential: limital physical or psychological

Question 31

C-V

Answer 31

• abuse potential: less than C-IV
• medical use: accepted
• dependency potential: limital physical or psychological