Antibiotics: Part 2 (Based off of PowerPoint only)

Question 1

Aminoglycosides include

Answer 1

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin

Question 2

Mechanism of Action: Aminoglycosides

Answer 2

• Binds to 30s bacterial ribosomes, inhibit protein synthesis,
• Suppress bacterial growth

Question 3

Indications for Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

Serious/life threatening infections caused by E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 4

Contraindications for Aminoglycosides

Answer 4

Allergy to aminoglycosides, renal insufficiency

Question 5

Adverse Effects of Aminoglycosides

Answer 5

• Ototoxicity
• Nephrotoxicity
• Vertigo, dizziness, headaches, paresthesias

Question 6

Interactions of Aminoglycosides

Answer 6

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Question 7

Nursing Process & Patient Centered Care: Patient Teaching (pp. 634-638) for Aminoglycosides

Answer 7

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Question 8

Quinolones include

Answer 8

Ciprofloxacin 
Levofloxacin 
Moxifloxacin 
Gemifloxacin 
Ofloxacin 
Norfloxacin

Question 9

Mechanism of Action: Quinolones

Answer 9

• Inhibits DNA gyrase (enzyme required for synthesis of bacterial DNA)
• Bactericidal

Question 10

Indications for Quinolones

Answer 10

• Most quinolones are used for moderate to serious infections of the respiratory tract, bones, skin, GI, GU (genitourinary), septicemia
• Box 39-2 outlines the susceptible organisms

Question 11

Contraindications for Quinolones

Answer 11

Allergy to Quinolones

Question 12

Adverse Effects of Quinolones

Answer 12

Refer to Table 39-3, p. 629

Question 13

Interactions of Quinolones

Answer 13

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Question 14

Nursing Process & Patient Centered Care: Patient Teaching (pp. 634-638) for Quinolones

Answer 14

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Question 15

Clindamycin includes

Answer 15

Clindamycin, Cleocin

Question 16

Mechanism of Action: Clindamycin

Answer 16

• Inhibits protein synthesis
• Bacteriostatic
• Bactericidal (high concentration)

Question 17

Indications for Clindamycin

Answer 17

Moderate to serious infections of the respiratory tract, bones, skin, GI, GU (genitourinary), septicemia

Question 18

Contraindications for Clindamycin

Answer 18

Allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndrome, enteritis, infants

Question 19

Adverse Effects of Clindamycin

Answer 19

• Mostly GI
• Pseudomembranous colitis
• Rapid IV administration can cause hypotension, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest
• Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatoxicity have been reported (must monitor labs)

Question 20

Interactions of Clindamycin

Answer 20

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Question 21

Nursing Process & Patient Centered Care: Patient Teaching (pp. 634-638) for Clindamycin

Answer 21

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Question 22

Mechanism of Action: Colistimethate and Daptomycin

Answer 22

Disrupts bacterial membrane

Question 23

Indications for Colistimethate and Daptomycin

Answer 23

For specific infections refer to pp. 630-631

Question 24

Contraindications for Colistimethate and Daptomycin

Answer 24

Allergy

Question 25

Linezolid includes

Answer 25

zyvox

Question 26

Mechanism of Action: Linezolid

Answer 26

- Binds to 23s ribosomes, inhibits protein synthesis | - Bacteriostatic

Question 27

Indications for Linezolid

Answer 27

Moderate to serious infections of the respiratory tract (nosocomial HAP, CAP), bones, skin, septicemia caused by resistant strains VRE, MRSA, penicillin resistant strains

Question 28

Contraindications for Linezolid

Answer 28

Allergies

Question 29

Adverse Effects of Linezolids

Answer 29

GI: N/V, diarrhea Headaches Hematology: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

Question 30

Interactions of Linezolid

Answer 30

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Question 31

Nursing Process & Patient Centered Care: Patient Teaching (pp. 634-638) for Linezolid

Answer 31

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Question 32

Metronidazole includes

Answer 32

Flagyl

Question 33

Mechanism of Action: Metronidazole

Answer 33

Interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis

Question 34

Indications for Metronidazole

Answer 34

-Works against anaerobes. -Infections of abdominal organs (pseudomembranous colitis), bones, joints, skin, GU. -Peptic Ulcer disease caused by H. pylori Helminthic infections (worms)

Question 35

Contraindications for Metronidazole

Answer 35

allergies

Question 36

Adverse Effects of Metronidazole

Answer 36

CNS: dizziness, headache, seizure GI: abdominal pain/discomfort, N/V, diarrhea, unpleasant taste Hematology: Leukopenia *Disulfram reactions (if taken with alcohol)

Question 37

Interactions of Metronidazole

Answer 37

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Question 38

Nursing Process & Patient Centered Care: Patient Teaching (pp. 634-638) for Metronidazole

Answer 38

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Question 39

Mechanism of Action: Vancomycin

Answer 39

Inhibits cell wall synthesis -> cell lysis and death

Question 40

Indications for Vancomycin

Answer 40

- Severe infections only (i.e. respiratory, skin, septicemia) - Drug of choice for MRSA or Staph. Epidermidis infections, antibiotic induced pseudomembranous colitis

Question 41

Contraindications for Vancomycin

Answer 41

Allergy renal dysfunction hearing problems

Question 42

Adverse Effects of Vancomycin

Answer 42

``` Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Hypotension, tachycardia, rash, flushing (if rapidly infused) Red man syndrome Thrombophlebitis ```

Question 43

Interactions of Vancomycin

Answer 43

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Question 44

Nursing Process & Patient Centered Care: Patient Teaching (pp. 634-638) for Vancomycin

Answer 44

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