Congestive Heart Failure Flashcards
Congestive Heart Failure
INABILITY TO GENERATE ADEQUATE CO TO PERFUSE VITAL TISSUES
- Insufficient cardiac output due to cardiac dysfunction (common denominator in CHF)
Cardiac output
amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute.
CO is determined by
HR x stroke volume
Stroke volume
amount of blood pumped from one ventricle with each beat.
Stroke volume is determined by
preload, afterload and contractility
preload
stretch, volume
afterload
tightness, pressure
contractility
squeeze
Left sided heart failure
- most common presentation.
- when systolic left ventricle is unable to contract with enough force -> diastolic left ventricle loses ability to relax.
- insufficient CO -> insufficient O2 delivery to tissues and organs.
Signs and Symptoms of Left Sided Heart Failure
- accumulation of blood w/in pulmonary circulation (left ventricle not pumping effectively)
- symptoms r/t the lungs: pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough and respiratory crackles (rales)
Right Sided Heart Failure
-congestion of blood behind failing right ventricles resulting in systemic congestion
Symptoms of Right sided heart failure
symptoms r/t systems: enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), renal congestion (peripheral edema), and jugular vein distension.
Biventricular heart failure
both left and right ventricular heart failure.
usually starts as left sided heart failure, progressed to right sided heart failure.
Symptoms of biventricular heart failure
seen in both right and left sided heart failure. pulmonary congestion and systemic venous congestion.
Class I: CHF
no limitations of physical activity, no symptoms
