Antibiotics Part 2

Question 1

Multidrug resistant organisms

Answer 1

organisms that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial drugs

Question 2

Multidrug resistant organisms include

Answer 2

MRSA
VRE
ESBL
KPC

Question 3

50% of staph infections are contracted in the community are

Answer 3

MRSA; depends on location

Question 4

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

Answer 4

• usually seen in UTIs

- enterococcus species that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin

Question 5

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)

Answer 5

-group of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by some organisms that makes the organisms resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins) and aztreonam.

Question 6

KPC is treated only with

Answer 6

tigecycline and colistimethate

Question 7

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Answer 7

strain of staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to the beta-lactamase penicillin known as methicillin.

Question 8

Patients who are infected by ESBL’s must be in

Answer 8

contact isolation; proper handwashing is key to preventing the spread of these organisms

Question 9

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are treated only with

Answer 9

carbapenems or quinolones

Question 10

Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase (KPC)

Answer 10

• an enzyme first found in isolates of the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae that renders the organism resistant to all carbapenem antibiotics as well as beta-lactam antibiotics and monobactams.
• such organisms produce a very serious resistant infection.

Question 11

Aminoglycosides include

Answer 11

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Neomycin
Streptomycin

Question 12

Aminoglycosides

Answer 12

natural and semisynthetic ABs that are classified as bactericidal drugs
their potency = choice for treating virulent infections
synergistic drug in treatment of G+ and G-

Question 13

Aminoglycosides are not given

Answer 13

orally d/t poor absorption; except neomycin (used for preoperative bowel preparations, diarrhea caused by e. coli and hepatic encephalopathy)

Question 14

Aminoglycosides: Amikacin

Answer 14

treat infections resistant to gentamicin or tobramycin; only injectable form

Question 15

Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin

Answer 15

commonly used to treat infections of G+ and G-
IV, IM, injections, ointments, ophthalmic drops
IM: give deep and slow into ventrogluteal muscle to decrease discomfort
IV: only give clear or slightly yellow solutions that have been diluted w/ normal saline or D5W

Question 16

Aminoglycosides: Tobramycin

Answer 16

treats recurrent pulmonary infections in pts w/ cystic fibrosis
injectable, topical, ophthalmic, and inhalant; trade name for inhalant is TOBI

Question 17

Aminoglycosides: Therapeutic drug monitoring

Answer 17

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