Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 306 > ABGs, Understanding Basic Lab Results > Flashcards

ABGs, Understanding Basic Lab Results Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Understanding Basic Laboratory Tests

A
  1. establishing diagnosis
  2. rule out clinical problem (eliminate presence of disease)
  3. monitor course of illness and response to treatment
  4. check prognosis
  5. screen for disease
  6. check drug therapeutic level and toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nursing Responsibilities

A
  • Know and understand laboratory tests
  • Maintain Universal Precautions
  • Educate patients
  • Identify patients
  • Follow guidelines/protocols for specimen collections and reporting.
  • Know supplies/equipment (esp. if nurse is drawing blood from central line)
  • Know interfering factors
  • Monitor results
  • Report abnormal results (maintain privacy)
  • Documentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basic Chemistry Panel

A
  • sodium (Na)
  • potassium (K)
  • chloride (Cl)
  • CO2
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
  • Creatine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Indications: Chemistry Panel

A
  • Cardiac, Respiratory, GI, Renal, Endocrine, Metabolic, &/or Neuro diseases
  • Burns
  • Electrolyte imbalances/abnormalities
  • Acid-Base balance status
  • Malnutrition
  • Hydration status (dehydration)
  • Effects of drug therapy
  • Pre-op
  • Baseline assessment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CBC and Differential

A
  • RBC Count
  • Hemoglobin
  • Hematocrit
  • RBC indices
  • WBC count and differentials
  • Platelet count
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Indications: CBC w/ diff.

A
  • Hematologic (blood) disorders
  • Cardiac, Renal, Liver, or Lung diseases
  • Neoplasm (cancer)
  • Leukemia
  • Infection
  • Autoimmune diseases or immunologic abnormality
  • Malabsorption syndromes
  • Dietary deficiency
  • Dehydration
  • Pre-op & post-op
  • Baseline assessment
  • Blood loss
  • Pregnancy
  • Monitor response to chemo (evaluate undesired reactions to drugs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Liver Panel, Liver Functions Tests (LFTs)

A
  • Bilirubin
  • AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
  • ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
  • GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidse)
  • 5’ Nucleotidase
  • ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Indications: LFTs

A
  • Liver disease
  • Hepatic tumor, necrosis, or ischemia
  • Hepatoxic drugs, ETOH use
  • Drugs for cholesterol or hyperlipidemia
  • Trauma
  • Obstructive jaundice
  • Gallbladder or Pancreatic disease
  • Pregnancy
  • Preop
  • Baseline data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lipid Panel, Lipid Profile

A

Patient must be FASTING!

  • Cholesterol
  • HDL
  • LDL
  • VLDL
  • Triglycerides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Indications: Lipid Panel

A
  • Family history of hypertriglyceridemia
  • Hyperlipidemias
  • Cardiac disorders (also used to evaluate risk for cardiac disease)
  • Renal Failure
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • High fat or high carbohydrate diet
  • Malabsorption syndrome
  • Thyroid disorders
  • Malnutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coagulation Panel

A
  • PT (protime)
  • PTT (partial thromboplastin time)
  • Bleeding Time
  • Platelet Count (see CBC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Indications: Coag Panel

A
  • Monitor drug effects (heparin, warfarin)
  • Drug overdoses (anticoagulants, antiinflammatories)
  • Embolism
  • Bleeding or Clotting disorders
  • Vit. K deficiency
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Renal or Liver disorder (cirrhosis)
  • Bone marrow failure
  • Massive blood transfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Other Tests

A
  • thyroid panel
  • renal panel, renal function tests
  • UA (urinalysis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Urinalysis (UA)

A 
Appearance
Color
pH
Protein
Specific Gravity (SG)
Leukocyte esterase
Nitrites
Bilirubin
Casts
Glucose
WBC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acid-Base Disorders

A

-must maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hydrogen ions (H+)

A

determine acidity of body fluids

17
Q

acids

A

release H+ in solution

18
Q

bases (alkaline)

A

accept H+ in solution

19
Q

pH

A

measured hydrogen concentration in solution

20
Q

H+ and pH have an

A

inverse relationship

21
Q

If you increase H+, how does that affect pH?

A

pH falls (acidic)

22
Q

If you decrease H+, how does that affect pH?

A

pH rises (alkaline or basic)

23
Q

Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

A

maintains pH of body within normal range

24
Q

Buffer Systems effect on regulation of acid-base balance

A

buffers are substances that prevent changes in pH by removing or release H+

25
Q

Respiratory System effect on regulation of acid-base balance

A

regulates carbon acid in body by eliminating or retaining CO2.

26
Q

Renal System effect on regulation of acid-base balance

A

excess acids removed by kidneys, they also bicarbonate ions.

27
Q

(ABGs) arterial blood is used because

A

it reflects acid-base balance in body than venous blood

28
Q

(ABGs) Arterial blood provides

A

information about the effectiveness of lungs in oxygenating blood

29
Q

What elements are measured in ABGs?

A

pH, PaCO2, HCO3, PaO2

30
Q

ABGs

A

Arterial blood gas

31
Q

Normal ABGs: pH

32
Q

Normal ABGs: PaCO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

33
Q

Normal ABGs: PaO2

A

80-100 mm Hg

34
Q

Normal ABGs: HCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

NURS 306 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions