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Britain 1865-1915 > Ireland > Flashcards

Ireland Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Hicks Beach moved to the Cabinet?

A

Becoming too committed to education reform in Ireland

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2
Q

Who replaced Hicks Beach as Irish Chief Secretary in Feb 1878?

A

Lowther

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3
Q

Why did Disraeli pay extra attention to Ireland post 1878?

A

Parnell became more involved, joined parliament in 1879

1879 summer poor harvests, Ireland adversely effected

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4
Q

When did Abercorn resign from Viceroyalty?

A

1876

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5
Q

Who replaced Abercorn as Irish Viceroy?

A

Malborough

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6
Q

When was the Intermediate Education Bill put forward and who by?

A

Hicks Beach and Malborough in 1878

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7
Q

Who founded the Land League?

A

Michael Davitt

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8
Q

Who was the Land League connected to?

A

Clan na Gael and IRB

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9
Q

What were the tactics of the Land League?

A 
Peaceful demonstrations (mass meetings, withholding rent, campaign for 3Fs)
However violent in some places eg Connaught
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10
Q

When was the Bessborough Commission set up?

A

June 1880

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11
Q

When was the Bessborough Commission due to report?

A

1881

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12
Q

When was Forster’s Coercion Act passed?

A

1881

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13
Q

What did Forster’s 1881 Coercion Act mean?

A

Any suspects could be imprisoned indefinitely (effectively suspended Habeas Corpus)

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14
Q

What held up the passage of the Coercion Act?

A

Filibustering, lasting 41 hours

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15
Q

When was the Land Act passed?

A

1881 - in tandem with the Coercion Act

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16
Q

What did Parnell say about the Land Act?

A

Saw it as his victory - encouraged further protest and more pressure. Told people to boycott new land courts and withhold rent

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17
Q

Who was arrested under the Coercion Act?

A

Parnell and his followers - sent to Kilmainham

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18
Q

When was the Kilmainham Treaty?

A

1882

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19
Q

What did the Kilmainham Treaty mean?

A

In exchange for the end of Land War, Gladstone would clear rent arrears and release his political prisoners

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20
Q

When were Parnell and co released from Kilmainham gaol?

A

May 1882

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21
Q

Who resigned over the Kilmainham Treaty?

A

Forster

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22
Q

What did Forster say about Gladstone’s concessions?

A

Coercion should be used for the ‘trouble makers’

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23
Q

When were the Phoenix Park Murders?

A

6 May 1882

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24
Q

What happened at Phoenix Park?

A

Cavendish (Irish Chief Sec) and Thomas Burke were murdered by group of ‘Invincibles’

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25
What did Gladstone introduce as a result of events at Phoenix Park?
Tougher Coercion Act (Prevention of Crimes Act)
26
What did the 1882 Arrears Act mean?
Arrears built up prior to Land War would be cleared
27
When did Butt start the Home Govt Association?
May 1870
28
When was the Home Govt Association replaced with the Home Rule League?
1874
29
How many Irish MPs were returned in the 1874 election?
59 (Home Rule platform)
30
How did the 1872 Ballot Act influence Irish voters?
Could freely vote without intimidation
31
How did the economic depression impact Ireland?
Caused increased evictions; resentment towards British landed class
32
What did the Nationalists do in July 1885?
Voted against the Liberals on a budget amendment. Gladstone resigned, replaced by Salisbury
33
How many seats did the Liberals win in the 1885 election?
335 (None in Ireland)
34
How many seats did the Conservatives and Irish win in the 1885 election?
249 / 86
35
What did Salisbury do to ensure he kept Irish support?
Introduced Land Purchase Act to end coercion - £5 million paid out, then called general election in Nov 1885
36
What did Parnell tell the Irish immigrants in England and Scotland to do in 1885?
Vote Conservative as he believed they may support Home Rule
37
When were the Conservatives defeated on a vote over the Queen's speech?
January 1886
38
What was a result of the Conservative defeat in Jan 1886?
Salisbury resigned, Gladstone formed Liberal Govt
39
When was the Hawarden Kite?
December 1885
40
What was the Hawarden Kite?
Herbert Gladstone's message that his dad now supported Home Rule
41
What did the First Home Rule Bill propose?
Ireland should have its own parliament (in charge of internal affairs), no Irish MPs at Westminster, land purchase scheme (treasury would buy out landlords for £50mil)
42
Who opposed the First Home Rule Bill?
Conservatives (Churchill); Hartington and Chamberlain
43
When did Chamberlain call a meeting in protest of the First Home Rule Bill?
31 May 1886
44
By how much was the First Home Rule Bill defeated?
343 to 313 (93 Liberals voted against it)
45
What happened to the Liberals after the First Home Rule Bill?
Split - paved the way for Conservative dominance
46
How many seats did the Unionists win in the 1886 summer election?
394 seats (316 Conservative and 78 Liberal)
47
How many seats did the Liberals and Irish win in the 1886 summer election?
191 Liberal, 85 Irish
48
What did Salisbury say Ireland would going to face following the 1886 summer election?
'resolute government' for 20 years
49
What did the Second Home Rule Bill offer?
Irish parliament in Dublin, 80 Irish MPs at Westminster, again ignored Ulster
50
Why did the Second Home Rule Bill fail?
Blocked by Lords
51
When did Salisbury enter office?
June 1886
52
Who did Salisbury appoint as Irish Secretary?
His nephew Balfour, in 1887
53
When did the Michaelstown riot happen? How many casualties?
September 1887, police shot three protesters (under Crimes Act)
54
When was Ashbourne's Land Act?
1885
55
What did Ashbourne's Land Act do?
Gave tenants an advance on their purchase, to be repaid at 4% over 49 years - paid out £5+million over 3 years
56
Who led to 1886 Plan of Campaign?
John Dillon
57
When did Pope Leo XVI condemn the Plan of Campaign?
1888
58
What was the Plan of Campaign a new form of?
Land War
59
What did the 1887 Land Act mean?
Allowed review of rent, leaseholders brought under protection of 1881 Land Act
60
When was the Crimes Act passed?
1887
61
What did the Crimes Act mean?
Allowed magistrates special power to detain suspects
62
When was the Congested Districts Board set up?
1891
63
What did the Congested Districts Board do?
Built piers, fishery encouraged, cottage industries established, assisted farming through forming viable units
64
What did the 1891 Land Purchase Act mean?
Increased funding for purchase (£33million) but on less attractive terms, tenants given stock rather than money to pay landlords
65
When was the Crimes Act withheld?
1890
66
When was the Irish Local Govt Act passed?
1898
67
What did the Irish Local Govt Act mean?
Extended elected councils (county and urban) to Ireland as they had been excluded from 1888 Local Govt Act - led to end of Protestant and landowner dominance
68
When was the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction introduced?
1899
69
What did the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction do?
Encouraged innovation and co-operative marketing
70
When was Wyndham's Land Act passed?
1903
71
What did Wyndham's Land Act do?
Offered 12% cash bonus for sale of land, purchase encouraged with 3.5% interest over 69 years (full cost to treasury)
72
How many properties were sold under Wyndham's Land Act?
200,000
73
Who did Disraeli appoint in order to avoid Irish issues?
Abercorn (Viceroy) and Hicks Beach (Chief Sec)

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

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