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Britain 1865-1915 > Ireland > Flashcards

Ireland Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Hicks Beach moved to the Cabinet?

A

Becoming too committed to education reform in Ireland

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2
Q

Who replaced Hicks Beach as Irish Chief Secretary in Feb 1878?

A

Lowther

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3
Q

Why did Disraeli pay extra attention to Ireland post 1878?

A

Parnell became more involved, joined parliament in 1879

1879 summer poor harvests, Ireland adversely effected

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4
Q

When did Abercorn resign from Viceroyalty?

A

1876

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5
Q

Who replaced Abercorn as Irish Viceroy?

A

Malborough

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6
Q

When was the Intermediate Education Bill put forward and who by?

A

Hicks Beach and Malborough in 1878

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7
Q

Who founded the Land League?

A

Michael Davitt

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8
Q

Who was the Land League connected to?

A

Clan na Gael and IRB

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9
Q

What were the tactics of the Land League?

A 
Peaceful demonstrations (mass meetings, withholding rent, campaign for 3Fs)
However violent in some places eg Connaught
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10
Q

When was the Bessborough Commission set up?

A

June 1880

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11
Q

When was the Bessborough Commission due to report?

A

1881

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12
Q

When was Forster’s Coercion Act passed?

A

1881

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13
Q

What did Forster’s 1881 Coercion Act mean?

A

Any suspects could be imprisoned indefinitely (effectively suspended Habeas Corpus)

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14
Q

What held up the passage of the Coercion Act?

A

Filibustering, lasting 41 hours

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15
Q

When was the Land Act passed?

A

1881 - in tandem with the Coercion Act

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16
Q

What did Parnell say about the Land Act?

A

Saw it as his victory - encouraged further protest and more pressure. Told people to boycott new land courts and withhold rent

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17
Q

Who was arrested under the Coercion Act?

A

Parnell and his followers - sent to Kilmainham

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18
Q

When was the Kilmainham Treaty?

A

1882

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19
Q

What did the Kilmainham Treaty mean?

A

In exchange for the end of Land War, Gladstone would clear rent arrears and release his political prisoners

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20
Q

When were Parnell and co released from Kilmainham gaol?

A

May 1882

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21
Q

Who resigned over the Kilmainham Treaty?

A

Forster

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22
Q

What did Forster say about Gladstone’s concessions?

A

Coercion should be used for the ‘trouble makers’

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23
Q

When were the Phoenix Park Murders?

A

6 May 1882

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24
Q

What happened at Phoenix Park?

A

Cavendish (Irish Chief Sec) and Thomas Burke were murdered by group of ‘Invincibles’

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25
Q

What did Gladstone introduce as a result of events at Phoenix Park?

A

Tougher Coercion Act (Prevention of Crimes Act)

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26
Q

What did the 1882 Arrears Act mean?

A

Arrears built up prior to Land War would be cleared

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27
Q

When did Butt start the Home Govt Association?

A

May 1870

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28
Q

When was the Home Govt Association replaced with the Home Rule League?

A

1874

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29
Q

How many Irish MPs were returned in the 1874 election?

A

59 (Home Rule platform)

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30
Q

How did the 1872 Ballot Act influence Irish voters?

A

Could freely vote without intimidation

31
Q

How did the economic depression impact Ireland?

A

Caused increased evictions; resentment towards British landed class

32
Q

What did the Nationalists do in July 1885?

A

Voted against the Liberals on a budget amendment. Gladstone resigned, replaced by Salisbury

33
Q

How many seats did the Liberals win in the 1885 election?

A

335 (None in Ireland)

34
Q

How many seats did the Conservatives and Irish win in the 1885 election?

A

249 / 86

35
Q

What did Salisbury do to ensure he kept Irish support?

A

Introduced Land Purchase Act to end coercion - £5 million paid out, then called general election in Nov 1885

36
Q

What did Parnell tell the Irish immigrants in England and Scotland to do in 1885?

A

Vote Conservative as he believed they may support Home Rule

37
Q

When were the Conservatives defeated on a vote over the Queen’s speech?

A

January 1886

38
Q

What was a result of the Conservative defeat in Jan 1886?

A

Salisbury resigned, Gladstone formed Liberal Govt

39
Q

When was the Hawarden Kite?

A

December 1885

40
Q

What was the Hawarden Kite?

A

Herbert Gladstone’s message that his dad now supported Home Rule

41
Q

What did the First Home Rule Bill propose?

A

Ireland should have its own parliament (in charge of internal affairs), no Irish MPs at Westminster, land purchase scheme (treasury would buy out landlords for £50mil)

42
Q

Who opposed the First Home Rule Bill?

A

Conservatives (Churchill); Hartington and Chamberlain

43
Q

When did Chamberlain call a meeting in protest of the First Home Rule Bill?

A

31 May 1886

44
Q

By how much was the First Home Rule Bill defeated?

A

343 to 313 (93 Liberals voted against it)

45
Q

What happened to the Liberals after the First Home Rule Bill?

A

Split - paved the way for Conservative dominance

46
Q

How many seats did the Unionists win in the 1886 summer election?

A

394 seats (316 Conservative and 78 Liberal)

47
Q

How many seats did the Liberals and Irish win in the 1886 summer election?

A

191 Liberal, 85 Irish

48
Q

What did Salisbury say Ireland would going to face following the 1886 summer election?

A

‘resolute government’ for 20 years

49
Q

What did the Second Home Rule Bill offer?

A

Irish parliament in Dublin, 80 Irish MPs at Westminster, again ignored Ulster

50
Q

Why did the Second Home Rule Bill fail?

A

Blocked by Lords

51
Q

When did Salisbury enter office?

A

June 1886

52
Q

Who did Salisbury appoint as Irish Secretary?

A

His nephew Balfour, in 1887

53
Q

When did the Michaelstown riot happen? How many casualties?

A

September 1887, police shot three protesters (under Crimes Act)

54
Q

When was Ashbourne’s Land Act?

A

1885

55
Q

What did Ashbourne’s Land Act do?

A

Gave tenants an advance on their purchase, to be repaid at 4% over 49 years - paid out £5+million over 3 years

56
Q

Who led to 1886 Plan of Campaign?

A

John Dillon

57
Q

When did Pope Leo XVI condemn the Plan of Campaign?

A

1888

58
Q

What was the Plan of Campaign a new form of?

A

Land War

59
Q

What did the 1887 Land Act mean?

A

Allowed review of rent, leaseholders brought under protection of 1881 Land Act

60
Q

When was the Crimes Act passed?

A

1887

61
Q

What did the Crimes Act mean?

A

Allowed magistrates special power to detain suspects

62
Q

When was the Congested Districts Board set up?

A

1891

63
Q

What did the Congested Districts Board do?

A

Built piers, fishery encouraged, cottage industries established, assisted farming through forming viable units

64
Q

What did the 1891 Land Purchase Act mean?

A

Increased funding for purchase (£33million) but on less attractive terms, tenants given stock rather than money to pay landlords

65
Q

When was the Crimes Act withheld?

A

1890

66
Q

When was the Irish Local Govt Act passed?

A

1898

67
Q

What did the Irish Local Govt Act mean?

A

Extended elected councils (county and urban) to Ireland as they had been excluded from 1888 Local Govt Act - led to end of Protestant and landowner dominance

68
Q

When was the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction introduced?

A

1899

69
Q

What did the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction do?

A

Encouraged innovation and co-operative marketing

70
Q

When was Wyndham’s Land Act passed?

A

1903

71
Q

What did Wyndham’s Land Act do?

A

Offered 12% cash bonus for sale of land, purchase encouraged with 3.5% interest over 69 years (full cost to treasury)

72
Q

How many properties were sold under Wyndham’s Land Act?

A

200,000

73
Q

Who did Disraeli appoint in order to avoid Irish issues?

A

Abercorn (Viceroy) and Hicks Beach (Chief Sec)

Britain 1865-1915 (11 decks)

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